What is hematuria in men?

Whether male or female, once they find that they have hematuria, they will feel great psychological pressure and become nervous and anxious, fearing that they have some serious disease. It should be noted that the causes of hematuria in men and women are different, and the reasons behind them can be mild or serious. At this time, you need to closely observe other symptoms of the body, or go to the hospital for examination to find out what the disease is.

What disease causes hematuria in men?

First, you need to confirm whether it is blood in the urine. It is recommended to go to the hospital for a routine urine test. If the urine test confirms that there are red blood cells, it is "hematuria".

Hematuria refers to an abnormal increase in the excretion of red blood cells in the urine, and is a signal that the urinary system may have a serious disease. In centrifugal sediment urine, there are ≥3 red blood cells per high-power microscopic field of view, or more than 1 in non-centrifuged urine, or the red blood cell count in 1-hour urine exceeds 100,000, or the 12-hour urine sediment count exceeds 500,000, all of which show an abnormal increase in red blood cells in the urine, which is called hematuria. In mild cases, only red blood cells are found under the microscope, which is called submicroscopic hematuria; in severe cases, the appearance is like meat-washing water or contains blood clots, which is called gross hematuria. Usually, when there is 1mL of blood in each liter of urine, it is visible to the naked eye, and the urine is red or like meat-washing water.

[Causes of hematuria]

More than 95% of hematuria is caused by diseases of the urinary system itself, among which glomerular diseases (acute nephritis, rapidly progressive nephritis, membranoproliferative nephritis, mesangial proliferative nephritis, focal glomerulosclerosis, etc.), renal cysts, stones (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethral stones), prostatic hyperplasia, urinary tract infections (tuberculosis, pyelonephritis, cystourethritis, prostatitis) and tumors (kidney, ureter, bladder, prostate tumors) are the most common. Other diseases such as abnormal coagulation (idiopathic or drug-induced thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, scurvy, etc.), systemic diseases (plastic anemia, leukemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, etc.) can also cause hematuria.

Blood in the urine is hematuria, also known as hematuria.

Normally, there are no red blood cells in urine. In medicine, after the patient's urine is centrifuged and precipitated, it is examined under a microscope. If there are more than 5 red blood cells in each high-power field of view, it is called hematuria. If red blood cells are only detected under a microscope, but the blood in the urine cannot be seen with the naked eye, it is called microscopic hematuria; if the eyes can see that the urine is "meat washing water-like" or bloody, or even has blood streaks or blood clots in the urine, it is called macroscopic hematuria. Therefore, hematuria is not always detectable by the eyes. If the eyes can see blood in the urine, at least 1 ml of blood is mixed in about 1000 ml of urine, which means that the hematuria is more serious and the cause should be found out as soon as possible and actively treated.

1. Causes of hematuria

Hematuria is often caused by diseases of the urinary organs. Human urine is produced in the kidneys and discharged from the body through the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra. If these organs are diseased or bleeding occurs, hematuria can be caused.

Common diseases that cause hematuria include various nephritis, urinary tract infection, hemorrhagic cystitis, urinary tract stones, renal tuberculosis, renal tumor, kidney and urethral injury, etc. Hematuria is one of the main symptoms of these diseases.

(II) Differential diagnosis of hematuria

If the urine is hematuria at the beginning of urination but normal in the latter part of the urine, it is usually caused by urinary tract diseases. If the urine is normal at the beginning but hematuria appears at the end of urination, it is usually caused by cystitis and prostate diseases. If the urine is dark red, it is usually caused by kidney diseases. Hematuria rarely causes shock.

Hematuria is common in the following diseases:

1. Acute glomerulonephritis with hematuria, oliguria, proteinuria, edema, hypertension, and tonsillitis one week before the onset of the disease.

2. Pyelonephritis, hematuria with dysuria, urgency, frequency, low back pain, and fever.

3. The characteristics of urinary stones are hematuria accompanied by renal colic, or symptoms such as interrupted urination, dysuria, and painful urination.

4. More than 90% of patients with renal tuberculosis have hematuria, characterized by urinary urgency, urination frequency, and gradually increasing urinary pain.

5. Kidney and urinary tract injuries are often accompanied by a history of lumbar or abdominal trauma, such as contusion, collision, and fall.

6. Allergic purpura is a disease that causes bleeding spots on the skin, gastrointestinal bleeding, and joint pain. Hematuria occurs 2 to 4 weeks after the bleeding spots on the skin.

7. Systemic diseases: Vitamin C and vitamin K deficiency, blood diseases such as leukemia and hemophilia can cause hematuria.

8. Drug-induced hematuria Some drugs are harmful to the kidneys and can cause hematuria after taking them, such as gentamicin, tetracycline, sulfonamides, kanamycin, etc.

9. Transient hematuria is caused by drinking too little water. It will disappear quickly after drinking more water and diluting the urine.