Testicular Leydig Cell Tumor

The testicle is a male reproductive organ. Because it is a relatively fragile sexual organ, it is easily stimulated by the outside world. If it is infected by bacteria and viruses, it will cause testicular interstitial cell tumors. This tumor is very serious, accompanied by pain, and will have a serious impact on life. If you have this tumor, go to the hospital to remove it in time to prevent it from spreading and developing.

1. Testicular tumors are composed of normally developed and evolved stromal cell components. In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified them into stromal cell tumors and malignant stromal cell tumors in the "Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Reproductive Organs". Testicular stromal cell tumors are rare, accounting for 1% to 3% of testicular tumors, and are the most common sex cord/stromal tumors. Testicular stromal cell tumors in children are benign, and about 10% of testicular stromal cell tumors in adults are malignant, and may metastasize to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes or distant organs. Malignant testicular interstitial cell tumors are usually larger than 5 cm in size, with increased mitotic figures, necrosis or vascular infiltration. They were first reported by Sacchi in 1895. The disease can occur at any age, of which about 20% occur in children and about 80% occur in adults.

2. The high-risk age for pediatric stromal tumors is 3 to 9 years old, and the high-risk age for adult stromal tumors is 21 to 59 years old. 5% to 10% of patients have a history of occult testis. It is usually unilateral, and 3% is bilateral. The most common clinical manifestation of adult patients is painless testicular enlargement or swelling. 30% of patients have breast enlargement. Male breast enlargement often occurs earlier than testicular swelling, an average of 3 years earlier than the diagnosis of testicular stromal cell tumors. Common symptoms of pediatric patients are painless testicular enlargement and pseudo-precocious puberty, such as the appearance of Adam's apple, low voice, pubic hair hyperplasia, penis thickening, and frequent erections.

3. Ultrasound examination is the preferred method for auxiliary diagnosis of testicular lesions in clinical practice. B-ultrasound has important clinical value in judging the nature, size, location, proportion of testicular tissue occupied by the tumor and even choosing the treatment method. Single tumors can be seen in the testis, all of which are round, clear-margined, small in size, solid low-echo/medium-echo/high-echo, with obvious boundaries from normal testicular tissue, irregular morphology, and uniform internal echoes. Abundant arterial and venous blood flow signals. Estrogen in serum and urine is often elevated in adult patients with testicular interstitial cell tumors. Serum testosterone is elevated in children with testicular interstitial cell tumors, and urine 17-ketone is elevated in some children. The serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels of patients with stromal cell tumors are mostly within the normal range.