Removal of human testicles

The testicle is one of the most important reproductive organs of men. However, with the increasing incidence of cancer this year, there are also many patients with testicular cancer. Therefore, for these patients, testicular removal may be the most effective treatment method. Due to the complexity and physiological effects of the testicle, many people do not understand the human testicular removal surgery. Let us learn about the relevant information about human testicular removal!

For testicular tumors, orchiectomy is performed by first ligating and cutting the spermatic cord at a high position near the internal ring, and then removing the tumorous orchiectomy. When orchiectomy is performed due to other lesions or damage, the spermatic cord can be cut at a low position and the testicles can be removed.

1. Anesthesia method and preoperative preparation

1. Anesthesia method

Intraneurial anesthesia or continuous epidural block anesthesia; children use general anesthesia or basic anesthesia plus local anesthesia.

2. Preoperative preparation

(1) If it is epididymal tuberculosis, anti-tumor treatment should be given for more than 1 week before surgery; if it is purulent epididymal orchitis, anti-infection treatment should also be given before surgery.

(2) Shave pubic hair one day before surgery.

2. Indications

1. Testicular tumor or other malignant tumor in the scrotum.

2. Adults with high-positioned cryptorchidism and testicular atrophy, or those whose testicles cannot descend and fix in the scrotum.

3. Severe testicular damage that cannot be preserved after surgical exploration.

4. Testicular necrosis caused by spermatic cord torsion.

5. Late-stage epididymal tuberculosis, which makes it impossible to retain the testicles.

6. Purulent epididymal orchitis, with recurrent attacks, leading to necrosis of testicular tissue.

7. Chronic hematoma of the testicular tunica vaginalis, resulting in testicular atrophy.

8. For other diseases that require castration, such as prostate cancer, bilateral orchiectomy is performed. In a small number of cases of prostate hyperplasia, bilateral orchiectomy may also be performed occasionally.

3. Surgical procedures

1. For patients diagnosed with testicular tumors before surgery, an oblique inguinal incision is used; for patients with non-testicular tumors, an upper scrotal incision is used; for patients with bilateral non-tumor testicular removal, a median scrotal incision can also be used. If the nature of the testicular lesions cannot be clearly determined by preoperative diagnosis, a high scrotal incision can be used.

2. Separate the spermatic cord until it reaches the vicinity of the internal inguinal ring.

3. Finally, remove all the contents of the scrotum, including the testicles, epididymis, and spermatic cord. If the tumor is adhered to the surrounding tissues, that part of the scrotum should be removed as well.

4. Drainage and suturing.

4. Postoperative Complications

Bleeding, infection, lymph node fistula, deep vein thrombosis.

5. Postoperative Care

Observe the wound for bleeding or exudation, keep the surgical site clean and all tubes unobstructed and fixed, and provide pain care. On the first day after surgery, the patient should be mainly in a semi-recumbent position with bedside activities. On the second day, if the condition is stable, instruct the patient to get out of bed and move around.

6. Notes

1. Lift the scrotum or apply pressure bandage to prevent bleeding or hematoma in the scrotum.

2. The drainage material in the scrotum should be removed 24 to 48 hours after the operation.

3. The wound sutures will be removed 7 days after the operation.

4. After the sutures of the testicular malignancy are removed, retroperitoneal lymph node clearance, radiotherapy or chemotherapy is performed according to the pathological nature and systemic condition.