What is testosterone?

The human body contains a lot of hormones. Each hormone has different functions and plays a greater role in maintaining the functions of different organs. For example, the male testicles are an organ that can secrete hormones. This hormone is called testosterone, which is an essential hormone in men. Let's take a look at what testosterone is. I hope everyone can understand it.

Testosterone is a steroid hormone secreted by the testicles of men or the ovaries of women. The adrenal glands also secrete a small amount of testosterone. It has the functions of maintaining muscle strength and quality, maintaining bone density and strength, refreshing and improving physical fitness.

Testosterone is a natural androgen. Its propionate ester is used clinically and is generally called testosterone propionate. A variety of pure and effective sex hormones that can be extracted from male urine are secreted by testicular interstitial cells and are collectively called androgens, the most important of which is testosterone. The testicles are not the only organ that secretes testosterone. The adrenal cortex and female ovaries also secrete a small amount of testosterone. Although testosterone is easily absorbed after oral administration, it is quickly destroyed by the liver and cannot exert any pharmacological effects. The androgens currently used in clinical practice are all artificial synthetic products.

In addition to its androgenic effects, testosterone also has a significant effect of promoting protein synthesis, also known as anabolic effects. In modern times, it has been found from some synthetic testosterone derivatives that the androgenic activity of some derivatives has been greatly weakened, while the anabolic effect has been retained or even enhanced. In order to distinguish it from real testosterone, these testosterones with anabolic effects are called anabolic hormones.

The pharmacology of testosterone induction has the following effects:

1. Promote and maintain male secondary sexual characteristics.

2. Restore and maintain positive nitrogen balance.

3. It can reduce the excretion of chlorine, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sodium in men and some women.

4. Stimulate the growth of bones, skeletal muscles, hair and skin.

5. Increase red blood cell production, and promote angiogenesis and skin darkening.

6. Large doses can inhibit the secretion of male gonadotropin.

7. It can antagonize the effects of excessive estrogen on female breasts and endometrium.