There are small granules on the testicular epidermis

Orchitis refers to the inflammation of the male testicles. In clinical medicine, the key features are rapid swelling of the male testicles, hot and painful swelling, increased scrotal skin temperature, accompanied by fever, chills, dizziness, fatigue, joint pain, etc. The main pathogens are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Acute orchitis in children and adolescents is often caused by the influenza mumps virus.

Causes:

Orchitis is usually caused by bacteria. Male testicles rarely have bacterial infections themselves because male testicles have a rich supply of blood and tissue fluid, and have a strong resistance to bacteria. Bacterial orchitis is mostly caused by adjacent epididymal cystitis, so it is also called epididymal cystitis-orchitis. Common pathogens are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, etc. Viruses can directly attack male testicles, the most common of which is the mumps virus, which mainly attacks the submandibular glands of children. However, this virus also attacks male testicles, so viral orchitis is often easy to occur shortly after the onset of mumps. In addition, experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO), an autoimmune disease, is a type of reproductive medicine immunology disease with male orchitis as the key pathological change.

Clinical symptoms:

The specific manifestations of orchitis are the damage of seminiferous tubules, the infiltration of white blood cells around the seminiferous tubules and the significant decrease in the total number of sperm, leading to dead sperm, azoospermia, and then loss of fertility. In addition, factors such as antisperm antibodies, insufficient blood supply, and activated inflammatory cells produced in orchitis can induce the destruction of the blood-testis barrier, affect the differentiation characteristics of spermatogenic cells, and then lead to sperm formation obstruction, directly causing male infertility.

Diagnostic imaging examination:

The key to testicular inflammatory disease is acute inflammation of the male testicle and tunica vaginalis. The main ultrasound manifestation is decreased echo. The ultrasound manifestations of focal testicular swelling and focal testicular tumor are similar, and the echo is relatively uniform. The color Doppler examination results show that the blood signal may increase or there is no obvious blood signal.