Overactive bladder symptoms and mechanisms

The main symptom of overactive bladder is urinary urgency, the mechanism is not clear, and the treatment effect is poor. The main reason is that there is a problem with the regulation of spinal nerves, dyscoordination between the urinary muscle and the external urethral sphincter, hyperreflexia of the detrusor muscle, and urinary urgency and frequency.

Performance

The main symptom of overactive bladder is urinary urgency, often accompanied by frequent urination and nocturia. It has a high incidence rate, a great impact on life, and poor clinical treatment. It is highly valued by scholars and is a hot topic of research. The cause is complex and the pathophysiological mechanism is unclear.

Mechanism of urination

The bladder is a hollow muscle sac that stores and discharges urine. The urethral sphincter at the bottom acts as a faucet. Normally, the bladder relaxes, the faucet is closed, and the bladder begins to store urine. When there is no urine flow, the pressure inside the bladder is zero. If 100 ml of liquid is injected into the bladder, the pressure inside the bladder can increase to 10 cm of water column. If more liquid is injected, even when it increases to 300-400 ml, the pressure inside the bladder hardly changes. This is because the tension of the detrusor muscle relaxes as the urine volume increases, which is an adaptation of the bladder to store urine. When more than 400-500 ml of fluid is injected into the bladder, nerve signals are sent to the lumbar and sacral nerves through the nerve reflexes in the lumbar and sacral regions and through the nerve regulation of the brain, causing the tension of the bladder detrusor muscle to increase rapidly and contract rhythmically. At the same time, the urethral sphincter relaxes and the faucet opens, causing urination.

Although the cause of overactive bladder is complex and the pathophysiology is not fully understood, the main manifestations are still instability of the bladder detrusor muscle and dyscoordination between the urinary muscle and the external urethral sphincter. The reason is still a problem with the neural regulation mechanism. The key mechanism is still long-term sitting at a desk, which causes proliferation, adhesion and sclerosis of the soft tissue around the lumbar and sacral vertebrae, and compression and disease of the nerves around the sacral cord, leading to abnormal detrusor reflexes, hyperreflexia, and urgency and frequent urination.

If you have the above symptoms, you should seek medical attention and treatment as soon as possible.