What are the causes of vas deferens inflammation?

Normal people may have bacteria in their vas deferens. Pathogenic bacteria in the vas deferens are also common bacteria in urogenital inflammation, such as Staphylococcus aureus and alkaline-producing bacilli. Most of them are low-virulence conditional pathogens. Therefore, vas deferens is often caused by bacteria invading the vas deferens during urinary and genital inflammation. Another cause is vasectomy due to lax disinfection of the scrotal skin or surgery-induced bacterial activity in the vas deferens.

Vas deferens inflammatory nodules due to spermatic cord injury or vasectomy are currently considered to be a form of autoimmunity. When the vas deferens is damaged or ligated, sperm penetrates or extravasates into the surrounding tissues, causing an autoimmune reaction and the appearance of vas deferens nodules. Other scholars believe that nodules are related to failure to follow strict aseptic techniques during surgery, unclear separation of the vas deferens and excessive ligation of surrounding tissues including nerve tissue, as well as excessive ligation force or too thick or too many ligatures.

① Congenital abnormalities. The vas deferens is congenitally undeveloped or dysplastic, and is not connected to the epididymis, often accompanied by underdeveloped seminal vesicles, resulting in low semen volume and azoospermia.

② Inflammatory stenosis. Various pathogens cause inflammation of the vas deferens, forming scars and blocking the lumen. In severe cases, it can lead to azoospermia.

③Tumor: The obstruction of the lumen caused by the compression of the vas deferens itself or the adjacent organs is also one of the causes of azoospermia.

④ Trauma or surgical injury, such as hernia repair, leading to lumen obstruction. Vasectomy is to artificially block the lumen to prevent sperm from being discharged to achieve the purpose of birth control. It is one of the main methods of male sterilization. Infertility caused by vas deferens obstruction, the testicular spermatogenesis function is normal, but sperm cannot be found in the semen. Various imaging is often required, such as vaso-spermatocystography, vaso-epididymography and urethrography to determine the location of the obstruction. Male urinary system examination, similar to female gynecological examination, is necessary for the diagnosis of the cause of infertility. The examination can discover the cause of the couple's disease and give corresponding treatment, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs and surgery.