How to donate sperm

Nowadays, as people's ideas gradually open up, sperm donation has become a common practice in clinical medicine. Sperm donation plays a great role for some people with special needs, and can ensure that these people have their own children as they wish. Of course, sperm donation requires a series of steps. Below, we will introduce the steps and methods of sperm donation in detail.

1. Preliminary Screening

The sperm donor must be between 22 and 45 years old, be able to truthfully provide the general medical history and genetic history of himself and his family members, answer other relevant questions raised by the doctor, and provide semen samples for examination as required.

(1) Medical history screening

① Medical history

Ask the sperm donor about his medical history, personal life history, and history of sexually transmitted diseases.

A. Past medical history

Sperm donors must not have systemic diseases or serious organic diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, tuberculosis, liver disease, urinary and reproductive system diseases, blood system diseases, hypertension, mental illness and leprosy.

B. Personal life history

The sperm donor should not have long-term exposure to radiation and toxic and harmful substances, and should not have bad habits such as drug abuse, alcoholism, smoking, or a history of promiscuity.

C. History of sexually transmitted diseases

Ask the sperm donor about his history of sexually transmitted diseases and his sexual partners in the past six months, whether he has multiple sexual partners, and exclude high-risk groups for sexually transmitted diseases (including AIDS). The sperm donor should have no history of sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea, syphilis, condyloma acuminatum, contagious soft warts, genital herpes, AIDS, hepatitis B and C, and exclude sexually transmitted diseases, vaginal trichomoniasis and other diseases of his sexual partners.

② Family survey

The sperm donor should not have a history of genetic diseases or a family history of genetic diseases

A. Chromosomal diseases: exclude all types of chromosomal diseases;

B. Single gene genetic diseases: exclude albinism, hemoglobin abnormalities, hemophilia, hereditary hypercholesterolemia, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, β-thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, familial tay-saccharomy, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, congenital deafness, Prader-Willi syndrome, hereditary optic atrophy, etc.

C. Polygenic genetic diseases: exclude cleft lip, cleft palate, clubfoot, congenital hip dislocation, congenital heart disease, hypospadias, spina bifida, asthma, epilepsy, juvenile diabetes, mental illness, rheumatoid arthritis, severe hypertension, severe refractive error and other diseases.

(2) Physical examination

① General physical examination: The sperm donor must be in good health, without any signs of deformity, and the examinations of the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, etc. should be normal. At the same time, attention should be paid to whether there are traces of multiple intravenous injections in the limbs;

② Reproductive system examination: The sperm donor’s reproductive system is well developed, without deformities, reproductive system ulcers, urethral secretions, reproductive system warts and other diseases.

2. Laboratory Inspection

(1) Chromosome examination: The sperm donor's chromosome karyotype analysis must be normal, and sperm donors with abnormal chromosomes must be excluded;

(2) Examination for sexually transmitted diseases

① The sperm donor's hepatitis B and hepatitis C tests are normal;

② The sperm donor’s syphilis, gonorrhea, AIDS and other tests are negative;

③ The sperm donor’s chlamydia, mycoplasma, cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, herpes simplex virus and toxoplasmosis tests are negative;

④ Semen should be subjected to routine bacterial culture to rule out infection by pathogenic bacteria.

(3) Routine semen analysis and quality requirements for sperm donation

The sperm donor's semen should be routinely examined. Abstinence from sex for 4 to 7 days before sperm collection.

Semen quality requirements are higher than the standards of the World Health Organization's "Manual of Laboratory Tests of Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interactions" (4th edition, 1999) for reference values ​​of semen variables:

Semen liquefaction time is less than 60 minutes

Semen volume greater than 2 ml

Density greater than 60x106/ml, cryo-resuscitation survival rate greater than 60%, of which forward-moving sperm greater than 60%

The normal sperm morphology rate is greater than 30%.

(4) ABO blood type and Rh blood type test;

(5) Freezing recovery rate test

Sperm freezing experiment should be carried out. The cryo-resuscitation rate of forward-moving sperm should be no less than 60%.

3. Visit Management

Sperm banks should strengthen follow-up visits and management of sperm donors during the sperm donation process

(1) If a sperm donor has any of the following conditions, his/her sperm donation qualification shall be revoked immediately:

① Genital warts;

② Genital herpes;

③ Genital ulcer;

④Abnormal urethral discharge;

⑤The sperm donor has a new sexual partner.

(2) Conduct a comprehensive examination of the sperm donor at least once every six months;

(3) Sperm banks should track clinical information on whether sexually transmitted diseases occur after using frozen semen;

(4) HIV retest of sperm donor: Six months after the semen has been frozen, the sperm donor must be tested for HIV again. Only if the test result is negative can the frozen semen be used.