What should I pay attention to when doing spermatozoology?

For many male friends, it is necessary to do a routine sperm test when they are examined. Because in this way, they can judge whether there is a problem. In fact, a routine sperm test is a test to check the quantity and quality of sperm. If you want the test to be more accurate, you need to pay attention to many issues. So, what should you pay attention to when doing a routine sperm test?

Semen routine is the abbreviation of semen routine examination. It is one of the simple and popular laboratory examination methods in urology, men's department and reproductive department. Semen is composed of sperm and seminal plasma, of which sperm accounts for 10% and the rest is seminal plasma. In addition to water, fructose, protein and fat, it also contains a variety of enzymes and inorganic salts. Semen contains zinc. It is also one of the important parameters often used for reference in gynecology.

The subject should abstain from sexual intercourse for 5-7 days after a period of frequent ejaculation (the interval between the last ejaculation and the sample collection should be at least 100 hours); prepare a clean dry container with a large mouth and a lid, collect semen through masturbation, ejaculate all of it into the container at once, cover it, and record the time when the sample leaves the body; keep it close to the body to keep it warm, send it to the laboratory within 30 minutes, and provide the inspector with the time when the sample was taken out.

Routine observation of semen: total volume of semen (ml), sperm activity, sperm density (pieces/ml), semen liquefaction time (time from specimen extraction to semen liquefaction), immobile sperm (pieces/high-power field of view), etc. Immobile sperm must be stained to distinguish: immobile sperm, dead sperm, immature sperm, etc. If no sperm is found, it must be centrifuged and tested. If no sperm is found, azoospermia can be reported. After three sampling tests, if no sperm is found, azoospermia can be confirmed. During the abstinence period, there was a morning erection and I masturbated with my hand, but if no semen or other secretions flowed out, it would not have much impact.

Four behaviors that are most harmful to sperm quality

Abstinence

Many couples who are trying to have a baby have this misunderstanding: abstain from sex first, and then release on the day of ovulation, so that the success rate of pregnancy will increase. The traditional view is that the longer the abstinence period, the better, such as about a month or a week. This is wrong. Because if the time is too long, the seeds (sperm and semen) will age; if the time is too short, the seeds are not fully mature. At present, the sperm bank established internationally has a standard for selecting sperm: the selected person abstains from sex for 3 to 7 days, and 3 to 5 days is the best.

When sperm is produced in the testis, its morphology, structure and chromatin are basically mature, but it does not yet have the ability to move and recognize. The sperm will then enter the epididymis. Before reaching the tail of the epididymis, about half of the sperm will age, decompose, and then be absorbed. Even if the sperm finally reaches the best place for storage and maturation, its vitality is limited.

If a man does not have sex for a long time, his sperm will lose its vitality and eventually disintegrate in the vas deferens. The proportion of aging sperm will also continue to increase. Therefore, if a man abstains from sex for a long time, the semen he ejaculates in the first few times will contain more aging sperm, making it difficult for his wife to conceive. Even if he can conceive, low-quality sperm can easily cause the fetus to have low intelligence, deformity, or lead to miscarriage. It can be seen from this that abstinence cannot improve the quality of sperm. If you want to achieve the goal of eugenics through abstinence, it is obviously not feasible.

Hot tub

Sperm is extremely sensitive to temperature. Frequent sauna or hot bathing may cause testicular overheating and temporarily reduce sperm count.

Generally speaking, the testicular temperature is 1℃~2℃ lower than body temperature, which is most conducive to sperm production. However, many men like to take baths and hot springs, which will cause the testicular temperature to rise to more than 37℃, thereby inhibiting sperm production.

Some scientists have done such an experiment to observe the changes in sperm quality of some men who like hot water baths. The results showed that those who took hot water baths 3 to 4 times a week with water temperature above 40℃ had an increase in sperm head deformities and the number of immature sperm.

As we all know, the normal body temperature of the human body is 37℃, and the best temperature for the testicles to "produce" sperm is 35℃ to maintain normal physiological functions. "In an environment of about 35℃, the testicles can have the best sperm-producing ability. As long as the water temperature exceeds 40℃, the scrotum will not be able to bear it, which will affect the sperm-producing function of the testicles. Even if sperm is produced, it will be weak and unable to swim, or even "die."

Some men, especially those who are now otakus, who often stay at home, sit for long periods of time, or who wear tight clothes as a trend, will have reduced sperm production due to increased scrotal temperature.

Cycling

A recent European study shows that long-term cycling may damage the quality of men's sperm, thereby affecting their fertility. Long-term cycling can cause testicular overheating and sperm production difficulties; in rare cases, the testicles (perineum) behind the bicycle seat pressure zone may cause penile numbness and erectile dysfunction.

The researchers presented the findings at the recent European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology meeting in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The continued heat of outdoor exercise and the friction between the body and the bicycle seat during cycling are two major factors that damage sperm quality. The study, which targeted triathletes, found that less than one in ten of the athletes surveyed had normal sperm. Among the respondents who cycled an average of 290 kilometers per week, less than four out of every 100 sperm were normal.

Professor Diana Balmond from the University of Medical Sciences of Cordoba in Spain believes that the longer and harder people ride bicycles, the greater the impact on sperm quality is likely to be, and this damage is difficult to recover. He therefore suggests that if people want to ensure that sperm quality is not affected while exercising, they should improve their training methods and intensity as soon as possible; or they can use sperm freezing technology to preserve a batch of healthy sperm before choosing to engage in high-intensity cycling sports, in case of fertility in the future.

Smoking and drinking

Smoking has a great impact on sperm motility. Foreign studies have shown that compared with non-smokers, smokers have significantly lower indicators of semen quality and a significantly higher rate of sperm deformity. Alcohol has a direct impact on male testicles. Long-term and heavy drinking can lead to testicular atrophy and reduced semen quality.

The direct impact of alcohol on the liver and testicles is well known. Studies have found that patients with chronic alcoholism will experience testicular atrophy, which leads to a decrease in semen quality. Therefore, the damage to a man's sperm caused by drunkenness cannot be recovered in one or two days. If the sperm quality is to be restored to the level before drinking, it will take at least three months. Experts believe that men who are planning to have children should wait at least three months after being drunken before letting their wives conceive to ensure the health of the fetus.

Similarly, the number of normal sperm in long-term smokers also decreases, with an average decrease of about 10%. The incidence of abnormal sperm increases significantly in those who smoke 21-30 cigarettes a day, and the incidence of abnormal sperm is even higher in those who smoke more than 30 cigarettes. The longer you smoke, the more abnormal sperm you have, and as the number of normal sperm decreases, sperm motility will also weaken.