What are sex hormones? What are the effects of sex hormones?

As we all know, there are various hormones in the human body, and each hormone is related to human health. Take sex hormones for example, they are not only related to personal sexual ability, but also to whether family life is harmonious. So, what kind of hormones are sex hormones, and what are their specific functions?

Definition of sex hormones

Sex hormones (chemical nature is lipid) refer to steroid hormones synthesized by the gonads, placenta, adrenal cortex reticular zone and other tissues of animals. They have the functions of promoting the maturation of sexual organs, the development of secondary sexual characteristics and maintaining sexual function. The ovaries of female animals mainly secrete two sex hormones - estrogen and progesterone, while the testicles of male animals mainly secrete androgens, mainly testosterone.

Function

Although the physiological effects of hormones are very complex, they can be summarized into five aspects:

First, by regulating the metabolism of three major nutrients such as protein, sugar and fat, as well as water and salt, it supplies energy for life activities and maintains a dynamic balance of metabolism.

Second, it promotes cell proliferation and differentiation, affects cell aging, and ensures the normal growth and development of various tissues and organs, as well as cell renewal and aging. For example, growth hormone, thyroid hormone, sex hormone, etc. are all hormones that promote growth and development.

Third, it promotes the development and maturation of reproductive organs, reproductive function, and the secretion and regulation of sex hormones, including a series of reproductive processes such as egg production, ovulation, spermatogenesis, fertilization, implantation, pregnancy and lactation.

Fourth, it affects the development and activities of the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system, and their relationship with learning, memory and behavior.

Fifth, it works closely with the nervous system to regulate the body's adaptation to the environment.