What are the complications of high blood sugar? These two are the most common

High blood sugar is a common symptom in people with diabetes. If blood sugar continues to be high, it can cause a series of complications. So, what are the complications of high blood sugar?

1. Stroke

Cerebrovascular disease is not unique to diabetes, but diabetes, especially poorly controlled diabetes, is one of the important causes of cerebrovascular disease. The incidence of cerebrovascular disease in diabetic patients is 4 to 10 times higher than that in non-diabetic patients. The problem of disability and death caused by cerebrovascular disease in diabetic patients is more serious in my country than in Western countries. The main pathological change of cerebrovascular disease in diabetic patients is arteriosclerosis. Among diabetic vascular diseases, multiple cerebral thrombosis is the main one, while cerebral hemorrhage is relatively rare.

Another characteristic of diabetic cerebrovascular disease is lacunar infarction. Lacunar infarction is caused by small artery disease, mostly due to deep perforating artery obstruction in the basal ganglia. After cerebral infarction, the liquefied tissue is absorbed after 1 to 3 months, leaving a cavity with a diameter of 0.5 to 15 mm. Clinical manifestations often present with cerebral cortical atrophy, memory and intelligence reduction due to repeated mild stroke attacks. More serious symptoms include dementia, paralysis, movement disorders, difficulty in moving, and other conditions that make it impossible to take care of oneself. Severe cases can lead to death.

2. Eye diseases

The most common eye complication in diabetic patients is retinopathy. According to domestic literature statistics, the highest rate of retinopathy among diabetic patients is 36.6%, 84% of those over 40 years old, and 7% of those who are blind. If the duration of diabetes exceeds 20 years, the incidence of retinopathy reaches more than 90%. There may be no symptoms in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy, but as the disease progresses, blurred vision may occur; a small ball-like object floats in front of the eyes; the range of vision that can be seen by both eyes (medically known as the field of vision) is significantly smaller than before; night vision is significantly worse than before; when reading books and newspapers, vision is reduced compared to before. Severe retinal disease can lead to fundus hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and finally blindness.