What are the symptoms of anemia in boys?

Anemia is a common clinical condition. Many people should know that anemia is usually not an independent disease. It is usually a symptom of other more complex diseases. Therefore, we must not ignore the occurrence of anemia. After anemia occurs, we must find out the cause and treat it in time. So what are the symptoms of anemia in boys?

Symptoms of anemia in boys are as follows:

(1) Cardiovascular system manifestations:

Palpitations and shortness of breath after physical activity are the most common symptoms. When anemia is severe or there is heart failure, palpitations and shortness of breath may occur even at rest. Patients with coronary artery lesions may experience angina. Some patients do not usually have angina, but angina may occur due to anemia that aggravates the ischemia of the myocardium. During a physical examination, a soft mid-systolic murmur can often be heard at the base or apex of the heart. The heart is often enlarged in patients with chronic anemia. After the anemia is corrected, the murmur and heart enlargement can disappear. When anemia is more severe, a "high output state" may occur. The clinical characteristics of "high output state" are: dilation of cervical veins, increased pressure, dilation of peripheral blood vessels manifested as collapsed veins and capillary pulsations, warm skin, and possible flushing. When myocardial compensation function is insufficient, congestive heart failure may occur.

Common ECG changes include ST segment depression, flattened or inverted T waves, and mostly normal QRS waves. When anemia is corrected, the above ECG changes can return to normal.

Severe anemia patients, even without heart failure, often experience mild swelling in their lower limbs when getting up. The cause of this may be related to factors such as temporary increase in venous and capillary pressure during activity, increased capillary permeability, and sodium retention.

(2) Nervous system manifestations:

When anemia is severe, nervous system symptoms are common, especially in elderly patients. Common symptoms include dizziness, headache, tinnitus, blurred vision, black spots or "golden stars" in front of the eyes, lack of energy, fatigue and drowsiness, difficulty concentrating, slow reaction, numbness in the hands and feet, chills or pins and needles, etc. Severe anemia may cause fainting. If anemia occurs suddenly, the patient is often irritable and restless.

(3) Digestive system symptoms:

Loss of appetite is one of the most common symptoms. Abdominal distension, discomfort in the epigastric region, nausea, and constipation may also occur. Sometimes there may be tongue pain and a smooth tongue coating. In severe anemia, the liver may be slightly enlarged, which is particularly obvious when heart failure occurs, and there is often tenderness.

(4) Reproductive system manifestations:

Female patients often have irregular menstruation, with amenorrhea being the most common. Anemia is often caused by menorrhagia, but occasionally anemia can also cause menorrhagia. Severe anemia patients often have decreased libido.

(5) Urinary system manifestations:

Severe anemia patients may have a small amount of protein in their urine and a slightly reduced urine concentration function, but unless they already have kidney disease, it generally does not cause an increase in blood urea nitrogen. When acute intravascular hemolysis occurs, the urine may be red tea or soy sauce-like in color (hemoglobinuria). If there is circulatory failure at the same time, oliguria, anuria and acute renal failure may occur.

After reading the introduction in this article, we know that male anemia has many symptoms. After anemia occurs, the patient's cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, reproductive and urinary systems may have some problems. Experts remind men that they must seek diagnosis and treatment in time after anemia occurs to avoid delaying the disease.