What are the causes of chronic prostatitis?

Prostatitis is the biggest problem that troubles men at present. The occurrence of prostatitis is often directly related to occupation, especially chronic prostatitis. However, once you are engaged in such an occupation, it is difficult to change easily. Therefore, everyone should pay attention to men's health issues. Only in this way can the damage be minimized. So, what is the cause of chronic prostatitis?

1. Chronic bacterial prostatitis

The causative factor is also mainly pathogen infection, but the body's resistance is strong and/or the pathogen's virulence is weak, with retrograde infection being the main cause. The pathogens are mainly Staphylococcus, followed by Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium and Enterococcus, etc. Prostatic stones and urine reflux may be important reasons for the persistence of pathogens and recurrence of infection.

2. Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis

The etiology is very complex, and its main cause may be the combined effect of pathogen infection, inflammation, abnormal pelvic floor neuromuscular activity, and immune abnormalities.

(1) Pathogen infection: Although routine bacterial examinations fail to isolate pathogens in patients with this type, they may still be related to certain special pathogens, such as anaerobic bacteria, L-type proteobacteria, nanobacteria, or Chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma, etc. Studies have shown that the detection rate of local prokaryotic DNA in patients with this type can be as high as 77%; some clinical "aseptic" prostatitis with chronic inflammation, recurrent attacks or aggravation may be related to these pathogens. Other pathogens such as parasites, fungi, viruses, trichomonas, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, etc. may also be important pathogenic factors of this type, but there is a lack of reliable evidence and there is no unified opinion so far.

(2) Certain factors may cause excessive contraction of the urethral sphincter, leading to bladder outlet obstruction and residual urine formation, which causes urine to flow back into the prostate. This can not only bring pathogens into the prostate, but also directly stimulate the prostate, inducing sterile "chemical prostatitis", causing abnormal urination and pelvic pain.

(3) Psychological factors Studies have shown that more than half of patients with prostatitis who have not been cured for a long time have obvious psychological factors and personality changes. Such as anxiety, depression, hypochondria, hysteria, and even suicidal tendencies. These changes in mental and psychological factors can cause autonomic dysfunction, resulting in posterior urethral neuromuscular dysfunction, leading to pelvic pain and urination dysfunction; or cause changes in the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and affect sexual function, further aggravating symptoms. Eliminating mental tension can relieve or cure symptoms. However, it is not clear whether psychological changes are the direct cause or a secondary manifestation.

(4) Neuroendocrine factors Patients with prostatitis are often prone to fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure, indicating that it may be related to autonomic nervous system reactions. The pain has the characteristics of visceral pain. Local pathological stimulation of the prostate and urethra triggers spinal reflexes through the afferent nerves of the prostate, activates astrocytes in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord, and the nerve impulses are transmitted through the genitofemoral nerve and ilioinguinal nerve. The sympathetic nerve endings release norepinephrine, prostaglandins, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, etc., causing bladder and urethral dysfunction, and leading to abnormal activity of the perineum and pelvic floor muscles, and persistent pain and referred pain in the corresponding areas outside the prostate.

What is the cause of chronic prostatitis? We must be cautious about the occurrence of prostatitis. Prostatitis is very harmful to men. If it is not treated and prevented for a long time, it will cause impotence, premature ejaculation and other conditions. If such a situation occurs, it will affect men's self-confidence.