It is harmless to masturbate a few times a week

For adult men, sex is also very important and is a normal physiological reaction. But for unmarried men, there is often a psychological reaction. Once this happens, men will use masturbation to solve the problem. There are many ways for men to masturbate. But from a medical point of view, if you masturbate too much, it will harm your body. So how many times a week is harmless?

Human papillomavirus is a spherical DNA virus belonging to the papovaviridae family, which can cause proliferation of the squamous epithelium of the human skin and mucous membranes. Symptoms include common warts and genital warts (condyloma acuminatum).

With the rapid increase in the incidence of condyloma acuminatum among sexually transmitted diseases and the increase in cervical cancer and anal cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has attracted more and more attention.

On October 27, 2017, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer published a preliminary list of carcinogens for reference, and human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, human papillomavirus β (except types 5 and 8) and γ are on the list of three types of carcinogens.

Infection route

1. Sexual transmission route;

2. Close contact;

3. Indirect contact: through contact with the infected person’s clothing, daily necessities, utensils, etc.;

4. Nosocomial infection: Medical staff fail to protect themselves properly during treatment and care, resulting in infection themselves or the infection is transmitted to patients through medical staff;

5. Mother-to-child transmission: It is the close contact between the baby and the mother through the birth canal. [3]

Clinical manifestations

Low-risk HPV infection

1. Benign skin manifestations

(1) Common warts: Rice-sized papules with obvious keratinization, rough and uneven surface, thorny tops, and hard texture. The lesions can be single or multiple, and can gradually increase by self-inoculation. They often occur on the hands, feet, etc.

(2) Disease manifestations in specific areas:

Periungual warts: occur around the fingernails and toenails, and are characterized by thickening and keratinization under the nail.

Plantar warts: They occur on the soles of the feet. Bleeding spots and black spots may be seen on the surface of the skin due to pressure.

Filiform warts: multiple, soft, thread-like warts that occur on the neck and eyelids

Flat warts: They often occur on the face and trunk. They are mostly flat papules 2-5mm in size, skin color or light brown, with a smooth surface, round or quasi-round. Occasionally, they may be scratched due to itching, resulting in self-inoculation, or they may be implanted along the surface of skin injuries.

(1) Genital warts (condyloma acuminatum): There are three states: typical manifestation, subclinical infection, and latent infection.

(a) Typical manifestations: Typical skin lesions visible to the naked eye: papilloma-like, cauliflower-like, granular, chicken comb-like, etc.

(b) Subclinical manifestations are difficult to identify with the naked eye and can only be observed with the help of a magnifying glass or acetowhite test. Histological and cytological tests show typical HPV pathological changes;

(c) Latent infection is when HPV enters the cells of the skin and mucous membranes and does not cause any clinical manifestations or histological abnormalities, but can be detected in the cells of the skin and mucous membranes through molecular biology methods, nucleic acid hybridization, etc.

Prone areas: female vulva, vagina, cervix and anus, anal canal, urethral opening; male vulva, penis, testicular surface, urethral opening, anus, anal canal, etc.

Rare locations: armpits, umbilical cord, between toes, under the breasts, etc.

(2) Special areas: wart-like lesions on the surface of the oral mucosa, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, etc.

1. Skin manifestations

There is data showing that epithelial tumors of the skin, such as Bowman's disease, basal cell carcinoma, Paget's disease, and squamous cell carcinoma, are also associated with this type of viral infection.

2. Mucosal manifestations

Cervical cancer, anal canal cancer, tonsil cancer, oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, nasal cancer, esophageal cancer, etc.

Disease treatment

Treatment

(1) Physical therapy: The purpose is to remove visible tumors and subclinical infections

Methods include: laser, microwave, freezing, electrocautery, surgical excision (LEEP knife in gynecology, etc.), photodynamic therapy, etc.

(2) Drug treatment: 0.5% podophyllotoxin tincture, 5% imiquimod, 50% trichloroacetic acid, fluorouracil ointment, etc.

(3) Immunotherapy aims to reduce recurrence and accelerate the clearance of lesions. Drugs include: interferon, interleukin, thymosin, transfer factor, BCG, isotretinoin, autologous vaccines, etc.

(4) Therapeutic vaccines: There is currently no effective therapeutic vaccine.