Single thyroid nodule, differential diagnosis using these methods

1. Serum TSH and Thyroid Hormone

All patients with thyroid nodules should have serum TSH and thyroid hormone levels measured. Increased serum thyroid hormone levels and decreased TSH indicate that the thyroid nodules are autonomous high-function nodules, and the vast majority are benign nodules. The vast majority of patients with thyroid malignancies have normal thyroid function.

2. Determination of serum calcitonin level

Patients with a family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia should have their serum calcitonin levels tested at baseline or under stimulation. A significant increase in serum calcitonin levels indicates that the nodule is medullary thyroid carcinoma.

3. Thyroid ultrasound

High-definition thyroid ultrasound is the most sensitive method for evaluating thyroid nodules. It can identify the properties of thyroid nodules, such as the location, shape, size, number, edge status, internal structure, echo form, blood flow status and cervical lymph node status of the nodules. It has reliable diagnostic value for thyroid cystic nodules. It can also be used for ultrasound-guided FNAC examination.