Why is my testicles swollen and painful?

The testicles are men's testicles. Testicular pain is a common clinical male disease. As one of the most important reproductive organs of men, once the testicles are abnormal, the consequences are imaginable. Therefore, when testicular pain occurs, we must actively look for the cause and understand the condition in order to better treat it. So, what is the cause of testicular pain? Let's take a look at the reasons below.

Causes and common diseases

1. Inflammation

Orchitis is a common cause of testicular pain. There are many causes of orchitis. For example, patients with mumps may suffer from orchitis, testicular pain and swelling. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease with a high incidence rate. In severe cases, it can cause orchitis, testicular pain and swelling. Chronic prostatitis can also cause testicular pain, which manifests as unilateral pain, mostly dull pain or pulling pain, which is persistent. Microscopic examination of prostatic fluid can reveal a large number of white blood cells. Most patients are young and strong, and it is rare in the elderly.

2. Twist

Testicular torsion is one of the common acute diseases in the scrotum. It can occur in newborns to 70-year-olds, with 65% occurring between 12 and 19 years old. Generally, there is vigorous activity a few hours before the onset of the disease, or the testicles have been subjected to external force. Sudden severe testicular pain during sleep or rest is the first symptom of this disease and is also one of the main diagnostic bases. Some cases are accompanied by nausea and vomiting, scrotal swelling, and obvious tenderness.

3. Damage

The testicles are more mobile in the scrotum and are protected by a tough white membrane, so the chance of closure injury is relatively small. Testicular injuries are mostly related to violence, car accidents, etc. After injury, the testicles are severely painful with nausea, vomiting, and even fainting or shock. During physical examination, there are swollen testicles, unclear contours, or scrotal congestion, and obvious tenderness. B-ultrasound and CT are not only helpful for the diagnosis of this disease, but also can clarify the location and range of testicular injury.

4. Ischemia

Testicular ischemic pain is more common in the elderly. The pain is more severe, aggravated by activity, and relieved by rest. Prostatic fluid microscopy is normal, often due to sclerosis of the testicular artery leading to arterial stenosis. Testicular artery atherosclerosis is often a local manifestation of systemic vascular disease, mostly unilateral lesions, more common on the left side than on the right side.

Treatment principles

Etiological treatment can be carried out on the basis of determining the cause; if the cause cannot be found for the time being, symptomatic treatment such as sedation and analgesia can be carried out. If necessary, local treatment such as spermatic cord procaine closure can be used.

1. General treatment

Rest in bed, apply local hot compress, elevate the scrotum, do anal lifting, etc., and increase physical exercise appropriately.

2. Drug treatment

Antibiotics are ineffective against viral orchitis, but they can prevent secondary infection. Patients with bacterial orchitis can take fluphenazine or tadalafil orally, or intravenous penicillin. Those who are allergic to penicillin can use intravenous cyclofloxacin lactate injection or intramuscular injection of gentamicin.