Semen is a little red

Normal male semen is transparent, occasionally with a slight yellowish color. However, if the semen is red, it is hematospermia. The causes of hematospermia mainly include tumors, obstructions or cysts. In addition, vascular abnormalities cannot be ruled out. Reasonable examinations and diagnoses are needed in normal times, and methods should be actively found for treatment.

The most common causes of hematospermia are as follows:

Inflammation

The seminal vesicles, prostate glands, urinary tract, rectum and other organs are closely adjacent to each other, which can easily lead to infection. The post-infection inflammatory process can stimulate the tubules and glandular mucosa, causing local congestion, edema and bleeding. Infection pathogens include viruses, bacteria, mycobacteria and parasites. Inflammation can also be the result of trauma, foreign bodies in the urethra, and chemicals. Trauma can include stones in the prostate or seminal vesicles.

Ejaculatory duct obstruction can cause the proximal duct to dilate and swell, leading to mucosal vascular rupture and bleeding, such as Wolffian duct cysts, seminal vesicle cysts and prostatic cysts.

Tumor

It has been reported that various benign tumors can cause hematospermia, such as ectopic prostate tissue in the urethra, prostate polyps and hyperplastic urine, etc. Malignant tumors of the prostate, testicles and seminal vesicles can cause hematospermia.

Vascular abnormalities

Varicose veins of the seminal vesicle, prostatic urethra, and bladder neck can also be the cause of hematospermia. In addition, vascular abnormalities of the reproductive system during puberty can cause hematospermia, including arteriovenous malformations, prostatic hemangiomas, seminal vesicles, and rare spermatic cord hemangiomas.

① Ask about the patient’s medical history, especially that related to the urogenital system.

②The physical examination focuses on the reproductive system.

③The focus of laboratory tests is on the examination of prostatic fluid, seminal vesicular fluid and semen.

④X-ray examination of the pelvic trunk can rule out prostate stones, seminal vesicle stones, and epididymal tuberculosis calcification; vas deferens and seminal vesiculography are of great value and can clarify various lesions of the seminal vesicle and vas deferens.

⑤ Cystourethroscopy can observe the posterior urethra, spermatic collaterals, and ejaculatory duct stomatitis, and sometimes retrograde angiography can be performed by intubation.