What are the items for men to check for infertility?

Male friends, please note that if you have infertility problems, you must not be too anxious. The more nervous you are, the harder it will be to solve the problem. Instead, you should go to a regular hospital for a detailed infertility test. In order to obtain more accurate test results, scientists usually check the following items.

1. Semen analysis: This helps to understand male fertility and is a must-check item for infertility. The examination content includes color, volume, liquefaction time, pH, sperm count, motility, survival rate and morphology.

2. Immune infertility test: sperm agglutination test or immobilization test is used to detect sperm agglutination antibodies or immobilization antibodies in serum or seminal plasma. Although there are many detection methods, they should be selected according to the specific situation.

3. Examination of prostatic fluid: Normally, it is milky white and alkaline. Under high magnification, tiny, refractive lecithin particles can be seen filling the field of vision, as well as a few epithelial cells, amyloid bodies, and sperm. The number of white blood cells is greater than ten, and the number of white blood cells increases when there is inflammation.

, or even piles of pus cells were seen, and the lecithin granules were significantly reduced.

4. Endocrine examination: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone or clomiphene stimulation test can be used to understand the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis. Testosterone level can directly reflect the function of stromal cells. Thyroid hormone can be measured if necessary.

, adrenal sebaceous hormone or prolactin.

5. Doppler ultrasound examination is mainly for the reproductive system, and related endocrine organs can be examined when necessary; it helps to confirm varicocele.

6. CT examination and three-dimensional imaging;

7. Immunological examination: the hospital has many items, the most commonly used is anti-sperm antibodies, etc.

8. Testicular biopsy is used for azoospermia or oligospermia to directly examine the spermatogenic function of the seminiferous tubules of the testicles and the development of interstitial cells. The synthesis and metabolism of local hormones can be reflected by immunohistochemical staining.

9. Chromosome karyotype analysis is used for external genital organ malformations, testicular dysplasia, and unexplained azoospermia.

10. Y chromosome karyotype analysis;

11. X-ray examination: To determine the site of obstruction in the vas deferens, vasoepididymography, vasovesiculography, or urethrography may be used. For patients with hyperprolactinemia, an X-ray tomography of the sella turcica (anteroposterior and lateral views) may be taken to determine the presence of a pituitary adenoma.

12. MR and MRI examinations;

13. In vitro heterospecies insemination experiments: Even if the conventional semen analysis is completely normal, it sometimes still cannot fully represent the fertilization ability of sperm. In vitro heterospecies insemination experiments can more accurately estimate the fertilization ability of sperm and are extremely valuable in judging male fertility.

The value is often used in cross-species insemination experiments in which human sperm penetrate hamster eggs, with sperm from normal fertile people as a control.

14. Detection of reproductive system infection, including detection of various sexually transmitted diseases and general infections; reproductive system infectious diseases are one of the important factors leading to male infertility. Male reproductive organs include external genitalia, accessory glands, epididymis and testicles. If these parts are infected by microorganisms such as bacteria, chlamydia, mycoplasma, viruses, etc., inflammation may occur.