What is the normal value of male testosterone? What are its physiological effects?

Testosterone plays an important role for both men and women. It can enhance immunity and sexual desire. Therefore, regarding the normal range of testosterone, this article will introduce the normal value and physiological effects of male testosterone.

Normal testosterone levels in men:

Normal testosterone levels in adult males are between 12-40nmol/L. If it is less than 10nmol/L, there must be a pathological problem, such as congenital testicular dysplasia or benign malformations. Between 10-12, further testing is needed to clarify the cause. The concentration in prepubertal boys is lower than 4nmol/L.

Physiological effects of testosterone:

1. Affects embryonic development and promotes the growth and development of male accessory organs. Testosterone can stimulate the growth and development of accessory organs such as the prostate, penis, scrotum, and bulbourethral glands.

2. Stimulate the growth of reproductive organs and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics. Testosterone can stimulate and maintain male secondary sexual characteristics, and can also produce and maintain normal sexual desire.

3. Maintain spermatogenesis. After testosterone is secreted from interstitial cells, it can enter the seminiferous tubules through the basement membrane, bind to the corresponding receptors of spermatogenic cells, and promote spermatogenesis.

4. Affect metabolism. Testosterone can promote protein synthesis, especially protein synthesis in muscles and bones; affect water and salt metabolism, which is beneficial to the retention of water and sodium in the body; and increase calcium and phosphorus deposition in bones.

5. In addition, testosterone can stimulate the production of red blood cells and increase the number of red blood cells in the body.