What is thyroid fibroma? Causes of thyroid cancer

Thyroid fibroma

Thyroid fibroma is a type of thyroid tumor. Thyroid tumor is a common disease, and its incidence varies greatly in different regions. Generally, the incidence of thyroid tumor in areas where thyroid tumor is prevalent is higher than that in areas where thyroid tumor is not prevalent. Once a thyroid fibroma is found, it must be treated immediately.

Causes

1. Iodine and thyroid cancer

Iodine is an essential trace element for the human body. Iodine deficiency leads to reduced thyroid hormone synthesis, increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, stimulating thyroid follicle hyperplasia, thyroid enlargement, thyroid hormone production, and increased thyroid cancer incidence. There is no consensus on this issue. A high-iodine diet may increase the incidence of thyroid papillary carcinoma.

2. Radiation and thyroid cancer

Irradiating the thyroid glands of experimental mice with X-rays can induce thyroid cancer in animals, cause cell nuclei to deform, and greatly reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormone, leading to cancer. On the other hand, the thyroid gland is damaged and cannot produce endocrine hormones. The resulting large amount of TSH secretion can also promote thyroid cell cancer.

3. Chronic stimulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid cancer

Thyroid follicles are highly differentiated and have the functions of iodine polymerization and synthesis of thyroglobulin. TSH also regulates the growth of thyroid follicular cells through cAMP-mediated signal transduction pathways, which may lead to thyroid cancer. Increased serum TSH levels induce nodular thyroid adenoma. Administration of inducers and TSH stimulation can induce thyroid follicular carcinoma. Clinical studies have shown that TSH inhibition therapy plays an important role in the postoperative treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. However, whether TSH stimulation is a pathogenic factor in the occurrence of thyroid cancer remains to be confirmed.

4. The role of sex hormones and thyroid cancer

Since there are significantly more female patients than male patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer, the relationship between sex hormones and thyroid cancer has received attention. When comparing the sizes of well-differentiated thyroid cancer tumors in clinical practice, it is found that young people's tumors are usually larger than those of adults. Young people also develop cervical lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis of thyroid cancer earlier than adults, but their prognosis is better than that of adults.

5. Thyroid gland substances and thyroid cancer

Animal experiments have shown that long-term consumption of raw thyroid substances can induce thyroid cancer, and can also block the synthesis of thyroid hormone, increase TSH secretion, stimulate thyroid follicle hyperplasia, possibly produce thyroid neoplasms, accompanied by diffuse enlargement of the thyroid, and cause thyroid tumors.