Detailed explanation of the different symptoms of the four stages of renal insufficiency

The causes of renal insufficiency can be summarized into two categories: renal disease and extrarenal disease. Renal insufficiency can be divided into four stages, and the symptoms of each stage are different. Therefore, before treatment, it is necessary to first clarify which stage the patient is in, so that a better treatment effect can be achieved.

First issue

Renal function reserve compensation period. Because the kidney's reserve compensation capacity is large, although the kidney function is reduced clinically, its ability to excrete metabolic products and regulate water and electrolyte balance can still meet normal needs. There are no clinical symptoms, and kidney function tests are also within the normal range or occasionally slightly higher.

Second issue

Renal insufficiency. The glomeruli have been damaged to a great extent, 60%-75%, and the kidneys have some difficulty in excreting metabolic waste. The creatinine and urea nitrogen may be high or exceed the normal value. The patient may experience anemia, fatigue, weight loss, and difficulty concentrating. However, it is often ignored. If there is dehydration, infection, bleeding, etc., obvious symptoms will soon appear.

Third issue

Renal failure stage. The kidney function has been severely damaged, 75%-95%, and the body's internal environment cannot be maintained stable. The patient is easily fatigued, weak, and unable to concentrate. Symptoms such as anemia are aggravated, nocturia increases, blood creatinine and urea nitrogen increase significantly, and acidosis often occurs. This stage is also called the azotemia stage.

Fourth issue

Uremic stage or end-stage renal failure. In this stage, the glomeruli are damaged by more than 95%, and there are severe clinical symptoms, such as severe nausea, vomiting, oliguria, edema, malignant hypertension, severe anemia, itchy skin, and urine odor in the mouth.