Causes of hydrocele

I believe that most of us are less exposed to the disease of hydrocele in our daily life, so we are very unfamiliar with it. However, the harm of this disease is also very serious, so we need to take it seriously. Let us understand the causes of hydrocele.

main reason:

1. Tumor: Pathological swellings in the testicle, epididymis, tunica vaginalis, spermatic cord, etc. can invade the tunica vaginalis, causing increased secretion and exudation or blocking the lymphatic system, resulting in hydrocele. The incidence of hydrocele in testicular tumors is 2% to 5%.

2. Injury: It is also a common cause of symptomatic hydrocele. It is reported that 67% of patients develop hydrocele after renal transplantation, 35% after varicocele surgery, 0.9%-2.28% after hernia repair surgery, epididymisectomy, inguinal lymph node dissection, etc. can cause hydrocele due to stimulation of the spermatic cord and damage to the lymphatic vessels.

3. Infection: This is the most common cause. It is often caused by the invasion of tuberculosis, lb diplococcus and various non-specific bacteria such as E. coli, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, etc., which can cause acute and chronic epididymitis, orchitis, spermatic cord inflammation, and hydrocele. Mumps virus infection can also cause it. Parasitic infections such as filariasis, which are prevalent in tropical areas, can also damage the lymphatic drainage of the hydrocele, spermatic cord, and scrotum, leading to hydrocele.

4. Certain systemic diseases: For example, heart and kidney failure, liver disease, etc. can cause water and sodium retention, circulatory stagnation, lymphatic reflux obstruction, etc., which can also cause hydrocele, often accompanied by systemic tissue edema or ascites. In addition, certain benign lesions of the scrotum, such as testicular torsion, testicular appendage torsion, spermatic cord varicocele, etc., can also induce hydrocele. Secondary hydrocele has primary diseases, such as acute orchitis, epididymitis, spermatic cord inflammation, etc., which stimulate the increase of hydrocele exudate and cause hydrocele. Scrotal surgery damages lymphatic vessels, causing reflux obstruction, high fever, heart failure, ascites, etc., which manifests as acute hydrocele; chronic secondary effusion is common in chronic orchitis, epididymitis, syphilis, tuberculosis, testicular tumors, etc., causing increased hydrocele secretion and accumulation of fluid. In addition, filariasis and schistosomiasis can also cause hydrocele. The fluid often contains white blood cells.

The cause of primary hydrocele is not completely clear, it may be due to increased secretion and reduced absorption of the hydrocele, or it may be caused by undetected or healed epididymitis. It is also related to congenital factors, such as defects in the lymphatic vascular system of the hydrocele, and the course of the disease progresses slowly.

When the testicle descends from the retroperitoneum to the scrotum, the peritoneum descends with it and becomes the tunica vaginalis. The tunica vaginalis that surrounds the epididymis is the visceral tunica vaginalis, and there is another layer outside it called the parietal tunica vaginalis. There is only a small amount of fluid between the two layers. The processus vaginalis that descends with the testicle is completely closed after birth and becomes a cord-like object. If the processus vaginalis is not completely closed, the fluid in the abdominal cavity (ascites) can flow along its unclosed lumen to the periphery of the testicle or stay on a certain section of the spermatic cord, forming a hydrocele called congenital or communicating hydrocele. If there is too much fluid between the two layers of the proper tunica vaginalis of the testis, it is a hydrocele of the testis.

The above article introduces the causes of testicular hydrocele in detail. I believe everyone has a preliminary understanding of it. If you are also a patient with this disease in your daily life, you should pay special attention to your daily hygiene habits.