Male sperm examination process

Male friends do not take their sperm examination seriously at all, which will delay the treatment of many diseases. In fact, many men's diseases are characterized by sperm abnormalities in the early stages of the disease. If treatment can be obtained at this time, the treatment effect will be better. In addition, you should not have sexual intercourse when doing a sperm examination, so that you can determine whether the sperm is standard.

(1) Semen volume: The normal volume should be more than or equal to 2 ml (milliliters). If it is more than 7 ml, it is too much. At this time, not only will the sperm density decrease, but it will also be easy to flow out of the female vagina, resulting in a decrease in the total number of sperm. This is common in patients with seminal vesiculitis. If the total volume is less than 2 ml, it is a small amount of semen. If it is less than 1 ml, it is too little, which can easily lead to infertility.

(2) Color: The normal color is grayish white or slightly yellowish. If the semen is milky white or yellowish green, it indicates inflammation in the male reproductive tract or accessory glands. If it is pink or red, or red blood cells can be seen under a microscope, it is bloody semen, which is common in patients with accessory glands or posterior urethritis, and occasionally in patients with tuberculosis or tumors.

(3) Liquefaction time: After normal semen is ejaculated, it will become jelly-like under the action of seminal vesicle coagulase. After 15-30 minutes, it will become liquid under the action of prostatic liquefaction enzyme. This is called semen liquefaction. If semen still does not liquefy 30 minutes after ejaculation, it is abnormal.

(4) Viscosity: When a glass rod touches the liquefied semen and gently lifts it, semen threads will form. If the semen is normal, the optimal ratio between the prostate secretion and the seminal vesicle secretion will also affect the vitality and movement of sperm. The seminal vesicle secretion contains several components that damage the movement and vitality of sperm; while the prostate secretion stimulates sperm movement.

Mixing kinins or kallikreins with semen samples can improve sperm motility. Regular administration of kallikreins to patients with oligospermia for several months can increase the sperm count in semen and improve sperm motility. Of the hundreds of millions of sperm that enter the female reproductive tract at any one time, fewer than 100 will make it to the site of fertilization.

The sperm flagellum propagates sinusoidal waves repeatedly in a coordinated sequence. In this way, the movement of the sperm is regulated by the energy generated within the flagellum. The flagellum has anatomically longitudinally arranged contractile proteins, thick fibers and associated microfilaments and microtubules. Therefore, in order to overcome the resistance of viscous luminal fluids such as cervical mucus, such a propulsive force is required. In order for the sperm cell to move forward effectively, the movement wave must be coordinated and maintained as a result of the development process.

There are many conflicting opinions about the three-dimensional model of sperm tail motion, probably because the photographs taken are essentially two-dimensional structures. However, the consensus is that there is a main wave-like motion from base to tip in a plane corresponding to the width of the sperm head; a rotational component attached to this wave of motion causes a spiral motion. However, it is not clear whether this rotational component is clockwise or counterclockwise.

When viewed from base to tip, the heads of human spermatozoa often rotate counterclockwise, that is, in the opposite direction of the small arms of the peripheral fibers of the shaft. If the shaft is somehow transmitting a contraction pulse, then this impulse will pass through the shaft in the same direction.