What are the symptoms of testicular tumor? These characteristics tell you

Testicular tumors are now more common in younger and younger people. According to experts, many teenagers suffer from the disease because they do not understand the disease and daily care. Among testicular tumors, the most common is seminoma. So, what are the obvious symptoms of testicular tumors?

Clinical manifestations

1. Enlarged testicles

Most patients have varying degrees of testicular enlargement. Sometimes the testicles are completely replaced by tumors, with a hard texture and loss of normal elasticity. In the early stage, the surface is smooth, but in the late stage, it may be nodular and may adhere to the scrotum or even rupture. The scrotal skin may be dark red, and the surface often has tortuosity of blood vessels. If a tumor is occult, it is often felt in the abdomen, groin, etc., and the scrotum on the same side is empty. Some patients with testicular tumors also have hydrocele.

2. Pain

Most patients lose testicular sensation and feel no pain. Therefore, it is generally believed that the tumor is a painless scrotal mass. It is worth noting that acute painful testicular tumors can also be seen in clinical practice, but they are often considered to be inflammation. The cause of pain is bleeding or central necrosis in the tumor, or pain caused by the testicular tumor invading the tissue outside the testicle.

3. Metastatic symptoms

Testicular tumors mainly metastasize to lymph nodes, which are often found in the internal iliac, common iliac, para-aortic and diaphragmatic lymph nodes. The metastatic lesions can be very large and can be felt in the abdomen. Patients complain of waist and back pain. Patients with testicular villous carcinoma may experience breast hypertrophy and pigmentation of the nipple and areola.

Causes

The cause of testicular tumors is still unclear. Congenital factors include cryptic testes or undescended testes, family heredity, Klinefelter syndrome, testicular feminization syndrome, and endocrine disorders of excessive estrogen secretion. Acquired factors include testicular injury, occupation and environment, malnutrition, and local temperature increase. In recent years, foreign studies have found that race, the patient's mother's weight gain and estrogen level during pregnancy, the patient's birth weight, age, social status, lifestyle, education, serum cholesterol level, etc. are all related to the occurrence of testicular tumors. Genetic studies have shown that testicular tumors are related to the short arm heterolocation of chromosome 12, and changes in the p53 gene are related to the occurrence of testicular tumors.