What are the causes of penile dysplasia and short penis?

How long is a normal penis? Many men want to know the answer to this question. According to foreign experts, before entering puberty, a penis length of less than 2.5cm, and after entering puberty, less than 5cm, is considered abnormal development and basically has no erectile function. Such penises are considered short penises, so what is the real cause of a small penis?

(1) Pathogenesis

The lesion originates from testicular hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, in which the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are normal and can issue powerful commands, but the testicles are diseased and cannot execute commands to produce sex hormones and sperm.

(2) Hypogonadal hormone function

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is caused by lesions in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which cannot send instructions to secrete testosterone.

(3) Antiandrogen syndrome

Partial antiandrogen syndrome means that the penis is insensitive to androgens. The patient's testosterone level is normal, but the secondary sexual characteristics are abnormal, and there may even be hypospadias.

(4) Idiopathic small penis

Idiopathic micropenis, the cause is still unknown. By the way, the method of measuring the length of the penis is very important. One is to measure the flaccid state, and the other is to measure the changes in the erect state. The room temperature should be around 25°C when measuring. After calming down and taking a proper rest, lift the penis with your hands, use one end of a hard ruler to slightly press against the pubic symphysis, try to compress the subcutaneous fat layer, and use the other end of the ruler to the external urethral opening of the glans penis as a reference. The number read is the normal length of the penis. Then use a tape measure to measure the circumference of the penis shaft 1 cm away from the coronal edge. Because patients are nervous or not adapted to the environment of the clinic, they are often unable to have an erection in front of the doctor, so the extension of the penis is often used instead of the erection length.