What are the components of semen?

Many people know that men ejaculate after orgasm, but most people don't know what the components of semen are, and no one has observed the components of semen after ejaculation. Now let me tell you some basic knowledge about semen components. In fact, semen can be divided into two types: semen components and chemical components of semen. Let me explain in detail:

First, let's talk about the composition of semen: What are the components of semen? The main components of semen are sperm and seminal plasma (secretions of accessory glands), with sperm accounting for 5% to 10% and seminal plasma accounting for 90% to 95%. Semen is an organic substance. Seminal plasma contains fructose and protein, which are nutrients for sperm. It also contains prostaglandins and some enzyme substances. The components of semen include

Sperm is stimulated by gonadotropin secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, and gradually differentiates from spermatogonia in the testicular duct into spermatocytes, and then further matures into sperm in the epididymis, and then reaches the ejaculatory duct through the ejaculatory duct, and temporarily stays in the seminal vesicle. The whole process takes about 64 to 74 days; seminal plasma is a mixture of fluids secreted by accessory glands such as the prostate, seminal vesicle, bulbourethral glands and paraurethral glands, and contains nitrogenous substances, carbohydrates, enzymes and inorganic salts. Now let me tell you about the chemical composition of semen: the chemical composition of semen is very complex. The chemical components in semen include nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, amino acids, lipids, sugars, organic acids, inorganic components and vitamins, specifically:

1. Nucleic Acid

Nucleic acids are mainly found in the nucleus of the sperm head. The nucleic acids in the sperm head are the carriers of genetic information of male animals.

2. Protein

Proteins in semen include nuclear proteins, acrosome complex proteins, tail contractile proteins and proteins in seminal serum. Nuclear proteins: proteins are combined with nucleic acids in the nucleus of the sperm head to form alkaline nuclear proteins, including histones, protamines, etc. Acrosome complex proteins: there are phospholipids and glycoprotein complexes or sugar-containing proteins in the acrosome. Glycoproteins are mainly composed of 18 kinds of amino acids such as glutamine and six kinds of sugars such as mannose, galactose, fucose, glucosamine and sialic acid. Contractile proteins in the tail: there are contractile proteins in the tail of sperm that make the tail move, called actomyosin. Proteins in seminal serum: there are various enzymes in the seminal serum, which exist in the form of proteins and mainly come from the secretion fluid of accessory glands. In addition, there are also leaks from sperm, such as hyaluronidase and cytochrome in sperm, which move into semen during cell aging. Proteases in cytoplasmic droplets are particularly prone to leakage. Proteins in semen change quickly after ejaculation, and non-protein nitrogen and amino acids increase, eventually forming free ammonia.

3. Enzyme

There are many enzymes in semen, which are closely related to sperm activity, metabolism and fertilization. They can be roughly divided into three categories. Hydrolases: This type of enzymes includes deoxyribonucleases, hyaluronidases, phosphatases, glycosidases, amylases, etc. Oxidoreductases: There are lactate dehydrogenases, catalase, cytochromes, etc. Transaminases: There are aspartate aminotransferases, alanine aminotransferases, glycerol kinases, etc.

4. Amino Acids

There are more than ten kinds of free amino acids in semen. The amino acids in semen affect the survival time of sperm. Sperm can use the amino acids in semen as a matrix to synthesize protein during aerobic metabolism.

5. Lipids

Phospholipids in sperm are mainly found in the mitochondrial sheath in the middle section.

6. Sugar

The main sugars in semen are fructose, glucose, sorbitol, inositol, sialic acid and polysaccharides. Fructose: Fructose is a hexose secreted by the seminal vesicles. The content of fructose varies with seasons, age, nutrition and other factors. Glucose: Sperm can also contain glucose. Sorbitol: It is mainly secreted by the seminal vesicles. Sorbitol can be oxidized to fructose, and fructose can be reduced to sorbitol. Therefore, the higher the fructose content in semen, the higher the sorbitol content. Inositol: Inositol is also a polyvalent alcohol secreted by the seminal vesicles. The content in pig semen is particularly high, but it cannot be used by sperm. According to research and analysis, this has a certain effect on maintaining osmotic pressure. Polysaccharides and sialic acid: Polysaccharides in semen exist in the apices and seminal serum of sperm. Polysaccharides combine with proteins and lipids to become the main components of the apices. There is also sialic acid in semen, sialic acid.

Sialic acid carries a negative charge, and when sperm matures, the negative charge on the surface increases because of the increase in sialic acid.

7. Organic Acids

Mammalian semen contains a variety of organic acids and related substances. The main ones are citric acid, ascorbic acid, and lactic acid. In addition, there are small amounts of formic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, etc. Semen also contains prostaglandins, which are unsaturated fatty acids that stimulate the contraction of uterine muscles in the female reproductive tract.

8. Inorganic ingredients

The inorganic ions in semen mainly include sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, etc., which play an important role in maintaining osmotic pressure.

9. Vitamins

Common vitamins in semen include riboflavin, ascorbic acid, pantothenic acid and niacin.

This is all I have to say about the composition of male sperm. If you want to know more, you can search for relevant information online and learn more about it. You should know that this is not something embarrassing or obscene. Only by thoroughly understanding your own body structure can you effectively determine whether you have a certain disease and clearly know what aspects of your discomfort you have.