What is the reason for testicular swelling and pain?

The testicles are also an essential part of the male reproductive system, and the main function of the testicles is to produce and store semen. However, if a man finds that his testicles are abnormal, he must pay attention to it, because abnormalities in the testicles may affect the normal fertility of men. Many men will feel inexplicably swollen and painful testicles. What causes this?

What causes testicular pain?

1. Testicular dysplasia

The disease is caused by testicular dysplasia, which can lead to spermatic cord torsion when the testicle descends. Cryptorchidism, sexual immaturity and hypopituitarism are also common causes of this disease. Patients with unilateral testicular dysplasia do not need treatment because of compensatory hyperplasia of the contralateral testis, while patients with cryptorchidism should undergo surgery as soon as possible.

Due to incomplete testicular development, spermatic cord torsion occurs when the testicles descend.

2. Testicular hyperplasia

Testicular hyperplasia refers to testicles that are larger than normal, but their hardness and local anatomical relationships are normal. It is often seen when one testicle is absent or underdeveloped, and the other testicle grows in place of the other. Generally, no special treatment is required.

3. Ectopic testicles

When the testicles descend from the inguinal canal, they may not descend into their normal position in the scrotum, causing ectopic testicles. Ectopic testicles are rare, and their clinical significance and treatment principles are generally the same as those of occult testicles. If the diagnosis is clear, surgical treatment should generally be considered, because androgen therapy is generally ineffective. Orchiopexy as early as possible before puberty can usually restore normal testicular function.

4. Orchitis

Testicular swelling, pain, fever, and sometimes chills. Patients with orchitis must seek treatment as soon as possible to avoid "testicular pain".

5. Cryptorchidism

Normally, the testicles descend into the scrotum during the late development of the fetus in the uterus. However, approximately 3% of full-term male infants and 30% of premature male infants have cryptorchidism (undescended testicles). Most of these infants have testicles that descend into the scrotum within a few months after birth, but approximately 0.8% of male infants still have undescended testicles one year after birth, thus forming cryptorchidism.

Treatment for testicular pain

The treatment of testicular pain should be based on the determination of its cause. If the cause cannot be found for the time being, sedation and analgesia can be used. If necessary, spermatic cord procaine blockade can be used to block the vicious cycle between the pain source of neuralgia and the pain center of the brain.