Congenital Anoorchia

The testicles are an important part of the male reproductive organs. If congenital atesticular disease occurs, it will cause serious reproductive disorders in patients. Generally, congenital atesticular disease means that the patient has no fertility. Congenital atesticular disease is caused by chromosomal abnormalities. The main symptoms are the absence of testicles, partial or complete absence of epididymis and vas deferens.

Congenital testicular dysgenesis is a congenital disease caused by chromosomal abnormalities. The normal chromosome karyotype of men is 46, XY, and that of women is 46, XX. If there are more Xs in the chromosome karyotype of men, this disease will occur. The most common one is 47, XXY.

The incidence of this disease is 1% to 2%, which is 1 in 1000 boys born. In this disease, the seminiferous tubules of the testicles are underdeveloped, degenerated, and fibrotic, resulting in severe spermatogenesis disorders and generally infertility. However, the interstitial cells are less damaged and can therefore produce a certain amount of testosterone.

Unilateral testicular agenesis, if without other abnormalities, is usually asymptomatic, and semen examination is usually within the normal range, which generally does not affect fertility. Bilateral agenesis is usually diagnosed during adolescence, with various manifestations of immature sexual development and low testosterone levels in the blood.

Congenital agenesis includes the absence of testicles; the absence of part of the testicles, epididymis, and vas deferens; and the complete absence of the testicles, epididymis, and vas deferens.

The cause is still unclear. It may be caused by testicular damage by toxins during the embryonic period or testicular atrophy secondary to vascular occlusion and trauma. Unilateral atestis often occurs on the right side and is often accompanied by cryptic testis on the opposite side. Bilateral atestis often leads to gender abnormalities and combined with eunuch-like syndrome due to the lack of interstitial cells that secrete male hormones. Some individuals do not have eunuch-like syndrome, but may have ectopic interstitial cells.

The diagnosis should be mainly differentiated from cryptorchidism, especially for bilateral agnosia. Bilateral agnosia generally lacks sexual function, while cryptorchidism can still maintain male sexual function. The determination of blood testosterone levels can assist in differential diagnosis. The method is that after a single injection of 5000U of human chorionic gonadotropin, the testosterone level of cryptorchid patients increases significantly. If there is a chromosomal abnormality, sex abnormality should be considered.

The services provided by the US-China Family Healthcare Reproductive Center include in vitro fertilization and its derivative technologies, artificial insemination with husband’s sperm, diagnosis and treatment of various male and female infertility syndromes, uterine and fallopian tube examinations, painless 4D ultrasound hysterosalpingography, endocrine and sex hormones, anti-Mullerian hormone testing, vaginal ultrasound detection of ovulation, and chromosome genetic testing.