Male urethral plug

Urethral obstruction is actually also called urinary tract obstruction. Because of urinary tract problems, urine cannot be discharged. For men, there are many cases of urinary tract obstruction, the most common of which is caused by infection. Acupuncture should be used for relief during treatment. If the primary disease cannot be found, dialysis can also be used for treatment, and relevant examinations can be performed after the condition improves.

Urinary tract obstruction is urinary system obstruction. Urine is discharged through the kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra. The normal function of the urinary system can only be maintained if the urinary tract is unobstructed. When the urinary tract is obstructed, urine cannot be discharged, causing water accumulation near the obstruction. Severe ureteral hydrops and kidney hydrops can lead to renal failure due to renal parenchymal damage.

The formation and excretion of urine are governed by three different processes, namely, glomerular filtration, tubular secretion and absorption, and drainage by muscle movement. Once obstruction occurs, it first causes changes in pressure. For example, ureteral obstruction initially increases the pressure in the renal pelvis, compresses the papillary duct, and gradually increases the pressure in the renal tubules, causing a delay in urine secretion rate, slowing down urine formation, and forming reflux in the renal pelvis and renal flexures through the renal vein and lymphatic channels in the kidney. In this way, the absorption function can temporarily maintain balance; if the obstruction continues, the compensatory reflux cannot maintain balance, and the cavity and renal pelvis above the obstruction gradually expand.

Urine production continues to decrease, and at the same time, the circular blood vessels surrounding the renal calculi at the junction of the renal cortex and medulla are compressed, causing a decrease in renal blood supply and leading to atrophy of the renal calculus. There are many reasons for obstruction, which may be intracavitary lesions such as stones or foreign bodies, cavitary wall lesions such as inflammation or tumors, and extracavitary factors such as compression of blood vessels or fibrous bands. Others include congenital abnormalities and neuromuscular dysfunction.

During treatment, if there is an acute infection or even toxic shock, the infection should be controlled first and the shock should be rescued. When colic occurs, analgesics and antispasmodics should be used or acupuncture should be used to relieve it. In case of renal failure, drainage should be performed first, such as catheterization, suprapubic bladder puncture or cystostomy, ureteral catheterization, ureterostomy and nephrostomy. When draining the bladder for acute urinary retention, it is contraindicated to empty the bladder quickly, because sudden decompression can cause complications such as urinary tract bleeding, urinary retention and shock. Polyuria sometimes occurs after the obstruction is relieved, and a large amount of water and electrolytes are lost, which should be supplemented. For a small number of critically ill patients whose primary lesions or obstruction sites cannot be identified at the moment, dialysis therapy can be used first, and further examination and treatment can be performed after their condition improves.