What's up with three testicles?

Three testicles is a relatively rare symptom, which is caused by congenital defects. I hope everyone should understand the treatment of three testicles. Multiple testicles are caused by abnormalities during embryonic development, and surgery is required to remove the excess epididymis, otherwise it will lead to infertility in male friends. So everyone can understand the causes of three testicles.

Polytestis is a very rare condition in which one or more extra testicles are found in addition to the two normal testicles in the scrotum. The extra testicles in polytestis may have normal epididymis and vas deferens and the ability to produce sperm, or they may share an epididymis and vas deferens with normal testicles.

Causes

The occurrence of polytestis may be due to the fact that during the process of the embryonic genital ridge evolving into testes, some factor causes the epithelial cell cords in the early embryonic genital ridge to divide.

Clinical manifestations

Most patients do not have any symptoms and are only discovered by accident. Fertility is generally normal, but if the third testicle deteriorates or torses, it needs to be treated promptly. In most cases, it is accompanied by herniation or incomplete descent. A third testicle with an epididymis and vas deferens may also be a reason to maintain fertility after vasectomy.

Check

1.B-ultrasound

The location of polytestis can be checked, but the positive rate is usually low.

2. Surgical Exploration

A scrotal or inguinal mass may be found, whether it is a testicular mass or bilateral occult testis. During exploration, three or more testicles may be found in the abdominal cavity.

3. Histological examination

Scrotal masses require histological confirmation.

Diagnosis

Patients with polyorchia generally have no symptoms and often present with herniation or torsion of the extra testicles, or abnormal masses felt in the scrotum. Modern ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging can provide clear diagnosis, even without the need for surgical exploration and pathological diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis

1. Epididymal mass

It is difficult to distinguish intrascrotal paratesticular masses from extratesticles and often requires surgical exploration and histological examination for differentiation.

2. Inguinal oblique hernia

Inguinal oblique hernia is a reducible mass. B-ultrasound can reveal that the contents of the mass are incarcerated intestinal oblique hernia, which is often difficult to distinguish from extra-testicular torsion. Especially when polyorchia is combined with indirect hernia, it can only be distinguished from polyorchia through surgical exploration.

treatment

Treatment of polyorchia varies from person to person. Tumors and testicular torsion require surgical removal, while other cases can preserve the testicles, but regular examinations, including ultrasound examinations, are required to exclude early tumors. If the extra testicles are well developed and have no pathological changes, they may not be removed.