What to do if there is a polyp in the testicle

The presence of polyps in the testicles may be due to fibroma or lipoma. This symptom may be a benign tumor or a malignant tumor. The patient needs to undergo an examination to know the result. If it is a benign tumor, the impact is not significant and surgical removal can be performed to prevent the tumor from spreading. However, malignant tumors are more troublesome to avoid and require more cooperation with doctors for treatment.

Tumor classification

Epididymal tumors are very rare. In addition to cysts, benign epididymal tumors include fibroma, lipoma, myoma, etc. Malignant tumors include leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and mesothelioma. Among them, rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common, followed by leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and liposarcoma.

Mesothelioma, also known as adenomatoid tumor, is a special tumor. Mesotheliomas in the scrotum mostly come from the epididymis, but sometimes it is difficult to distinguish whether they come from the spermatic cord or the tunica vaginalis. Mesothelioma cells are cylindrical or cubic, arranged in solid cords with spaces of varying sizes between the cords. Tumor cells have eosinophilic cytoplasm and vacuoles of varying sizes. Its tissue origin is not very clear. Some people believe that it comes from the endothelium or epithelium, while others believe that it comes from renal tissue. Jackson called it an adenoma of the Mullerian remnant tissue. Mesothelioma is often a benign tumor, but mesothelioma in other parts of the body is often a malignant tumor.

Benign tumor

The main treatment is to remove the tumor or epididymis at an early stage. Generally, small epididymal cysts (less than 1 cm) do not require special treatment. For small cysts with severe symptoms, epididymal removal can also be considered, but it must be done after childbirth, because after epididymal removal, the sperm produced by one testicle cannot be discharged, and one testicle is equivalent to losing fertility, so comprehensive consideration is required.

Malignant tumor

If the symptoms of a larger epididymal cyst are very severe, the cyst can be surgically removed, including cutting the spermatic cord, removing the ipsilateral testis and epididymis, and adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy before or after surgery as appropriate. Epididymal tumors are mostly benign tumors, including benign epididymal tumors (epididymal mesothelioma, leiomyoma, serous cystadenoma) and malignant epididymal tumors (epididymal myxoma, epididymal leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphosarcoma), which can occur at any age, on the left or right side, and are easily misdiagnosed. Testicular tumors often have no obvious symptoms or cause scrotal swelling. Patients with discomfort find that their testicles are enlarged and hard. A small number of patients who seek medical treatment have clinical manifestations of acute orchitis, with red, swollen, hot and painful testicles and chills. Therefore, patients with primary acute orchitis who are ineffective with anti-inflammatory treatment should consider the possibility of this disease. During examination and palpation, the testicles are enlarged, but still maintain their original shape, with a smooth surface, hard and heavy texture. There is no abnormality in the epididymal vasculature. B-ultrasound examination is helpful for the diagnosis of this disease. X-ray examination can understand whether there is chest and bone metastasis. Testicular tumors must be distinguished from ridges of vaginal septum, hematoma and organization after testicular injury, and epididymal orchitis.