Penis swelling and pain

The reproductive system itself is a relatively critical part. The reproductive system includes many types, some are the glans penis, foreskin and scrotum, etc., but the most common problem is the penis. Some people often have redness and swelling of the penis. Most of the redness and swelling are caused by inflammation, generally due to vulvitis. It is necessary to first find the factors in this regard, and then make a judgment and standardized treatment.

Incidence

The cause and incidence of vulvitis are still unclear. Some scholars believe that this disease is a kind of abnormal physiological development. Some scholars believe that vulvitis is related to prepuce. Surveys have found that the incidence of vulvitis in young men with prepuce is significantly higher than that of men with normal prepuce. Others believe that the direct cause of vulvitis may be inflammatory reactions such as prepuce, poor local hygiene, long-term stimulation of coronary sulcus secretions and dirt, or local redness and swelling caused by other factors such as infection.

The incidence of vulvitis varies from report to report. Foreign reports show that the incidence of vulvitis in normal male population is 8.3%-30.1%. 159 cases were found among 239 males (excluding those with phimosis and STDs), with an incidence of 66.53%. Zhang Kaijin et al. found 220 cases among 917 cases, with an incidence of 24%. Chen Xue et al. found 786 cases among 2037 young men who had premarital physical examinations, with an incidence of 37.92%. A survey of 276 cases in STD clinics found 109 cases, with an incidence of 39.49%. These survey results all show that vulvitis is a common symptom in clinical practice.

Causes

Physiological factors

Poor or abnormal development of the penis can lead to an unfavorable anatomical structure, prepuce hyperplasia and phimosis, which can cause the glans penis and urethra opening to be irritated by urine retained in the urethra opening and urine scale in the foreskin cavity, or foreskin incarceration, resulting in congestion, swelling, ischemia, necrosis, etc. of the glans penis, thereby reducing the anti-infection ability of the glans penis and urethra opening, making it easy to be infected by pathogens.

Local trauma

Normal glans penis and penile skin have strong resistance to normal flora living in the penile skin and certain pathogenic bacteria that infect the penile skin, so under normal physiological conditions, penile skin infectious diseases usually do not occur. However, if the glans penis or its skin is injured by squeezing, itching, intense masturbation, sexual intercourse, and oral sex, it may be conducive to pathogenic pathogens and conditional pathogens to infect penile tissues and cause penile inflammatory reactions.

Reduced body resistance

The occurrence of certain penile infections is often related to factors such as colds, diabetes, overwork, dysbacteriosis, tumors or the use of immunosuppressants, which lead to a decrease in the body's resistance or immune capacity. For example, colds or overwork can reduce the body's resistance, which can often cause the activation of latent herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the formation of recurrent infections; diabetic patients, tumor patients and patients treated with immunosuppressants are often prone to penile tissue infections caused by different species of Saccharomyces spp. due to reduced immunity; irregular use and abuse of antimicrobial drugs can cause urinary tract dysbacteriosis, which can lead to infection with certain resistant pathogens and conditional pathogens and cause inflammatory reactions of the glans penis or glans balanitis.

Clinical manifestations

Vulvitis is manifested by redness, swelling, pain, and itching of the glans penis and foreskin. Vulvitis is more common in men around 20-30 years old. The damage mainly occurs at the junction of the edge of the glans penis and the coronal sulcus and/or the frenulum. The damage is a papule of 1-3mm in size, and the damage is larger on both sides of the frenulum. The top of the papule is round and smooth, and some papules are hairy or filamentous. The papules are mostly unfused, and are densely arranged in one or more rows. They are obvious on the dorsal side of the glans penis and can partially or completely surround the glans penis. The color of the damage is mostly pearly white, a few are light red or skin-colored, and some may appear slightly red and swollen. There is no tenderness, no rupture, and the patient has no conscious symptoms. Histopathological examination of vulvitis shows hyperkeratosis, mild to moderate hyperplasia of the epidermis, normal basal layer, slight hyperplasia and density of collagen fibers in the dermis, varying degrees of hyperplasia and dilation of dermal papillary capillaries, a small amount of lymphocyte infiltration around, and no concave cells.