What causes trichomoniasis in men?

Male trichomoniasis is a type of urogenital disease in medicine. The main symptoms are urethral itching, purulent secretions in the reproductive system, etc., and severe patients may be unable to urinate. Before treatment, it is important to find out the cause, which will be more helpful for treatment.

Pathogens

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate, belonging to the protozoan class. It has no cyst stage, only a trophozoite stage. The trophozoite is pear-shaped, about 7-32 microns long, slightly larger than a lobed leukocyte. It is pale, transparent, and refractive. It has 3-5 flagella at the front end, an average of 4, and an undulating membrane on the side. The nucleus is oval, with granules in the cytoplasm and a flagellum at the back, which is shorter than the one at the front end. Trichomonas vaginalis has a strong adaptability to the surrounding environment. It likes humidity, can live for 21 days at 3-5℃, and can live for 20-40 minutes at 46℃. It grows rapidly at 25-42℃, and the fastest at 35-37℃ and pH5-6. In a semi-dry and hot environment, they can still survive for about 6 hours, so Trichomonas can still be transmitted after leaving the human body.

Source of infection

After women are infected with vaginal trichomonas (trichoil20nas V.ginaIis, referred to as vaginal trichomonas) through swimming, bathing, sexual intercourse, etc., they parasitize in the vagina. Then they cause urethral infection, and then through sexual intercourse, they infect men. In addition to trichomonal urethritis, it can also cause cystitis and prostatitis. The source of infection is trichomonas patients and carriers. It is mainly directly transmitted through sexual intercourse, and can also be indirectly transmitted through public baths, swimming pools, toilets, etc. It causes female trichomonal vaginitis, and then causes urethral purulent. The cause of trichomonal urethritis is that through sexual intercourse, trichomonas enters the male urethra, causing male trichomonal urethritis and prostatitis. Some scholars are skeptical about whether pure Trichomonas can cause urethritis. Many scholars have learned that Trichomonas can be found in urethral secretions, and they also know that there are other pathogens, such as common fungi, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Mycoplasma. Therefore, Trichomonas can only cause disease when there are other pathogens.

Pathogenic mechanism

Vaginal Trichomonas generally parasitizes the urogenital system. When the worm grows in the epithelial cells of the vaginal wall, it consumes glycogen, which hinders the lactic acid fermentation of lactic acid bacteria in the vagina, and changes the pH value of the vagina from normal acidity to neutral or alkaline, which is suitable for the growth of worms and bacteria, that is, destroying the so-called "self-cleaning effect" of the vagina. Due to the action of lactobacillus, the pH value of the vagina of healthy women is maintained between 3.8-4.4, which can inhibit the growth of other bacteria and is not conducive to the growth of trichomonas. This is called the self-cleaning effect of the vagina. Therefore, women should use Jiaoyan pH4 weak acid female care liquid for daily cleaning of their private parts. pH4 weak acid female care liquid can maintain the "self-cleaning effect" of the vagina and inhibit the pathogenic infection of vaginal Trichomonas. The vaginal physiological cycle during pregnancy and after menstruation makes the pH close to neutral, which is conducive to the reproduction of Trichomonas, and thus the infection and recurrence rates are relatively high. In the early stage of infection, Trichomonas adheres to the vaginal epithelial cells and produces extracellular toxic factors. In addition to the participation of at least four adhesion proteins (2-65KD), the adhesion process is also related to the ameba-like deformation of Trichomonas. It has been reported that the toxic factors secreted by Trichomonas include: cell separation factor, two cysteine ​​proteases (30KD and 6KD), and a hemolytic toxin. Hemolysis may be the result of direct action of Trichomonas with red blood cells.