7 Treatment Options for Hemorrhagic Cystitis

Most people may not have seen bladder bleeding in their daily lives. In fact, bladder bleeding does occur, and it is mostly caused by disease. Of course, trauma may also cause bladder rupture and bleeding, but the probability is very low. Generally speaking, bladder bleeding mainly refers to hemorrhagic cystitis. Why do people suffer from such a disease?

Causes of hemorrhagic cystitis

Substances that usually cause bladder bleeding include: alkylating drugs such as busulfan (Myleran), thiotepa, cyclophosphamide, etc.; chemical raw materials such as aniline, toluidine derivatives and pesticides. When the bladder is in contact with urine containing these high concentrations of substances for a long time, it will cause acute or chronic damage to the bladder mucosa, introduce chemical inflammation, and cause extensive bladder bleeding. Although cyclophosphamide itself has no effect on the bladder, its metabolites cause hemorrhagic cystitis.

Treatment options:

1. Immediately stop using or contacting drugs that may cause hemorrhagic cystitis.

2. Drink plenty of water and urinate frequently to reduce the concentration of metabolic products and the time they are in contact with the bladder.

3. Bladder irrigation with drugs to reduce bleeding, such as 1% silver nitrate solution, 1% alum solution, 4% or 10% formaldehyde solution, etc. Norepinephrine can be added to the flushing solution to help stop bleeding.

4. Use hemostatic drugs systemically.

5. Use antibiotics to control infection.

6. Supportive therapy, including blood transfusion, fluid replacement, etc. when necessary.

7. When bleeding is severe, bilateral internal iliac artery embolization or ligation may be considered, and cystectomy may be performed if necessary.