This is male semen

The quality of sperm indirectly determines the future health of your child, so you must take good care of your sperm. Semen analysis is the scientific basis for male fertility, so how do you read the semen analysis report? Do you know? What diseases cause semen abnormalities?

1. How to read a man's semen analysis report?

1. Semen volume

Normal people have an ejaculation volume of about 2-6 ml each time, 1-2 ml is suspiciously abnormal, and less than 1 ml or more than 7 ml are considered abnormal. The measurement of semen volume is related to the abstinence period before the sample is collected. The longer the abstinence period, the more semen there is. Generally, 3-7 days of abstinence is appropriate.

In pathological cases, when the amount of semen is more than 7ml, not only the sperm density is reduced, but also it is easy to flow out of the vagina, resulting in a decrease in the total number of sperm, which is common in seminal vesiculitis. Less than 2ml is considered too little semen, but usually less than 1ml is considered too little.

At this time, the contact area between semen and the female reproductive tract is small, or the viscosity makes it difficult for sperm to enter the female's cervix, leading to infertility. This is common in severe paragonitis, low testosterone levels, ejaculatory duct obstruction, retrograde ejaculation, etc.

2. Sperm density

It is usually expressed as the number of sperm per milliliter of semen. The sperm density of a normal person is 20 million to 150 million per milliliter, and there is a great difference between individuals.

Those with less than 20 million/ml are oligospermic, which is seen in spermatogenesis disorders caused by various reasons. It can cause low fertility or infertility due to the reduced chance of sperm entering the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes.

A level greater than 250 million/ml is polyspermia, which affects sperm motility.

If no sperm is found in the semen after multiple examinations or after centrifugation, it is azoospermia.

3. Survival rate

Normally, within one hour after ejaculation, the number of sperm with motility should be no less than 70% (usually 60-80%). If it is less than 60%, it is asthenozoospermia. If all the sperm in the semen are dead, it is necrospermia.

4. Acidity and alkalinity

Normal human semen pH value is between 7.2-7.8. Too acidic or too alkaline is not conducive to sperm activity and metabolism. Less than 7.2 is seen in ejaculatory duct obstruction or urine contamination. Greater than 7.8 is seen in seminal vesiculitis or old specimens.

5. Color

Normal semen is off-white or light yellow. If there is blood in the semen and it turns red or pink, it is bloody semen, and a large number of red blood cells can be seen under the microscope. It is often seen in inflammation of the accessory glands and posterior urethra, and occasionally in tuberculosis or tumors. If the semen contains yellow secretions, it is purulent semen, and a large number of pus balls can be seen under the microscope, indicating inflammation of the reproductive tract or accessory glands.

6. Deformity rate

Normal sperm has a flat oval head and a long, curved tail, similar to a tadpole. However, some have a pointed head, a large head, or two heads, and a short, forked, or double tail. If these abnormal sperm exceed 30%, it is called teratozoospermia, which can cause infertility.

7. Inflammatory cells

Normal semen contains less than one "+" number of white blood cells. Leukocytosis indicates infection in the reproductive tract or accessory glands.

8. Liquefaction

After normal semen is ejaculated, it becomes jelly under the action of the seminal vesicle coagulase, and becomes a less viscous liquid after 5-30 minutes. If it does not liquefy in more than half an hour, it means that the semen is not liquefied, and the sperm cannot move freely, thus leading to male infertility. In addition, if a glass rod is touched to the liquefied semen, the viscosity is observed, and it is gently lifted, a semen thread can be formed, and its length is normally less than 2cm.

9. Sperm motility grading

Normal semen should contain no less than 25% grade A sperm (or no less than 50% grade A sperm + grade B sperm). If it is lower than this standard, the chance of pregnancy will be affected. This is often caused by low zinc content in the body, paragonitis, and adverse external environmental factors.

2. What diseases can cause semen abnormalities?

1. Mumps

Mumps occurring before or after puberty is associated with a higher likelihood of abnormal semen, but does not increase the incidence of azoospermia. The sperm density of post-pubertal patients is significantly lower than that of non-pubertal patients or pre-pubertal patients. Only 4.4% of mumps patients have concurrent orchitis.

Orchitis significantly affects sperm quality and increases the incidence of azoospermia, especially bilateral orchitis. Whether it is unilateral or bilateral orchitis, the number of abnormal semen analysis increases. In short, mumps, especially when combined with orchitis, will have an adverse effect on fertility.

2. Sexually transmitted diseases

The incidence of abnormal semen analysis in people with sexually transmitted diseases is significantly higher, but it does not affect sperm density, indicating that it will not cause stenosis or blockage of the vas deferens. The sperm motility rate decreases, which is related to the disorder of the accessory gland function, especially epididymitis. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis infections are also very common in clinical practice and have a certain degree of concealment.

3. Urinary system diseases

If there are symptoms such as dysuria, frequent urination, hematuria, etc., seminal vesiculitis and prostatitis should be ruled out. These patients have a higher tendency to azoospermia and more common semen quality abnormalities, especially low sperm morphology and motility.

4. Testicular problems

The incidence of azoospermia is significantly increased in patients with poor testicular descent, and the incidence of azoospermia in patients with bilateral poor testicular descent is twice as high as that in patients with unilateral testicular descent. Even if these patients have sperm, the semen quality is abnormal, especially oligospermia.

Testicular damage often affects its normal function. Although many men have experienced some degree of testicular damage in their lives, only the cases of infertile patients with scrotal hematoma or hematuria, indicating testicular or genital urethral damage, are recorded here. The incidence of azoospermia or abnormal semen is significantly increased in such patients. Testicular damage is often accompanied by urethral symptoms, and the infection rate of accessory glands is also high.

Although the incidence of testicular torsion is not high, once it occurs, it is often complicated by azoospermia and oligospermia.

Epididymal or orchitis is also a common disease. The sperm density and motility of such patients are significantly lower than those without such a history, and the testicles are smaller. Urethra symptoms may have immune factors, and the incidence of epididymal inflammation is also higher.

5. Other diseases

Bronchitis may also cause abnormal semen. The incidence of azoospermia in patients with bronchitis is significantly increased. The testicular volume is normal, the abnormal rate of semen analysis is increased, and the average sperm density and the proportion of sperm moving forward are low.

Diabetes is associated with ejaculation dysfunction, but does not cause azoospermia or abnormal sperm quality. Therefore, the impact of diabetes on fertility is caused by sexual dysfunction.

Patients with a history of neurological disease often present with ejaculation disorders, but the incidence of azoospermia and abnormal semen quality is not increased.

How to read a man's semen analysis report? What diseases can cause abnormal semen? The above is a detailed introduction for everyone. Do you understand?