Normal reference value of sperm test

Sperm is very important for male friends. It can be said to be a standard for judging the physical health of male friends. If the sperm is not within the normal reference value during the examination, further andrological examination should be done. It can be judged based on the quality and density of the sperm. Most of them will have asthenospermia or necrospermia. These two sperm abnormalities are difficult to treat and must be treated in detail in the early stages.

Standard sperm

1. Semen volume: The amount of semen per ejaculation is 2~6ml, but it is affected by the frequency and number of ejaculations. If the amount of semen is less than 1ml/time, it is called reduced semen volume, and if the amount of semen is more than 6ml/time, it is called excessive semen volume, which are all abnormal situations.

2. Semen color: Normal semen is transparent grayish white. If the abstinence period is long, it may be light yellow. If there is inflammation in the reproductive tract, the semen may be yellow or even contain blood.

3. Sperm density: Sperm density refers to the number of sperms contained in each milliliter of semen. Normally, the number of sperms per milliliter of semen is more than 20 million. If it is less than 20 million/ml, it is oligospermia, which will affect fertility.

4. Semen liquefaction time: Semen is in a gel state when it is just discharged from the body. It will become a liquid state after 5 to 30 minutes. This process is called liquefaction. The liquefaction of semen requires the participation of a series of proteolytic enzymes. Semen that is viscous and not liquefied. It is common in patients with prostate or seminal vesicle diseases. Semen is weakly alkaline, with a pH value between 7.2 and 7.8. If the pH is <7, it is acidic, and if the pH is >8, it is alkaline, which will restrict sperm function.

5. Sperm 1-hour survival rate: The percentage of active sperm within 1 hour after ejaculation should be no less than 60%.

Sperm count

The semen is quantitatively diluted with diluent (sodium bicarbonate in the diluent decomposes mucus to destroy the viscosity of semen, and formaldehyde fixes sperm), and then dripped into the blood cell counting pool for counting. The normal sperm count is (60-150)×109/L, and the lower limit of conception is 20×109/L. Clinically, it can also be counted according to the total number of sperm in one ejaculation, which is normal at 400-600 million, and less than 100 million is abnormal.

sports

Sperm with flagella can swim. After being released, the swimming sperm can be active for about 1 hour at 22-25℃. Once the sperm reaches the egg cell, the flagellar band structure will fall off by itself, and then the sperm nucleus will directly contact the egg. As for whether sperm without flagella can move autonomously, there are different opinions.

Occurrence process

The number of sperm produced by the antheridia or male gametophytes of various plants varies greatly: one antheridia of Isoetes can produce 4 sperms, 128 to 256 in Selaginella, thousands in Pteris cretica (thick-sac fern), and hundreds in Scutellaria baicalensis (thin-sac fern); the male gametophytes of seed plants generally produce only two sperms.