How to treat vascular malformations? Three major treatments stand out

As we all know, all organs and tissues of the human body are related to genes. If an organ is deformed, it may be caused by gene mutation during the embryonic period or by external factors. Have you heard of vascular malformations? This situation is also more common in clinical practice. What are the treatment methods for vascular malformations?

Intralesional injection of sclerosing agent

Venous malformations can be treated with 5% sodium morrhuate or other sclerosing agents injected into the lesion cavity to fibrosize and close the lesion tissue, shrinking or eliminating the lesion. When injecting, it is advisable to temporarily compress the surrounding tissue to block blood flow; the injection should be given once every 1 to 2 weeks. The injection dose depends on the size of the lesion. Generally, sodium morrhuate is injected in an amount of no more than 5 ml at a time. If the treatment is not effective, surgical resection or hypothermia can be used. Facial microvenous malformations can be treated with argon ion (Ar) laser or krypton ion (Kr) photochemical therapy, which has a better effect. YAG laser or hypothermia therapy has a certain effect on submucosal venous malformations.

Surgical treatment

Arteriovenous malformations are mainly treated surgically. During surgery, the arteries that communicate with the tumor should be ligated and cut off first, and then the lesions should be removed. Sometimes, due to the extensive lesions, one or both external cervical arteries need to be ligated during surgery to reduce bleeding. In recent years, with the development of interventional radiology, transcatheter arterial embolization technology can be applied to control and reduce intraoperative bleeding. Its hemostatic effect is far better than external cervical artery ligation; because in addition to the main artery, all levels of arterial branches can be embolized until the terminal branch, without the disadvantages of a sudden drop in peripheral vascular pressure, opening of the lumen, and the formation of collateral circulation. The commonly used effective and safe embolic material is gelatin sponge.

Pingyangmycin treatment

In recent years, there have been more and more reports on the clinical use of pingyangmycin to treat vascular malformations. Its main indications are venous malformations and macrocystic lymphatic malformations, and it has achieved certain therapeutic effects. Since pingyangmycin is an anticancer drug, its long-term efficacy and adverse reactions need to be further observed.