Causes of high thyroid hormone, effects of thyroid hormone

As we all know, thyroid hormone plays a key role in human metabolism, growth and development. There are certain causes for high thyroid hormone levels. The specific reasons are as follows.

Causes of high thyroid hormone:

Generally speaking, the main reason for high thyroid hormone is that the human body absorbs too much iodine. Iodine promotes the secretion of thyroid hormone and aggravates the condition of hyperthyroidism patients. Edible salt on the market is iodized salt. For people in some coastal areas, sometimes the body absorbs too much iodine.

In case of hyperthyroidism, the thyroid hormone secretion is excessive, which promotes the metabolism of nutrients such as fat and protein and accelerates oxidation. The body's heat production and heat dissipation increase significantly, and the basal metabolic rate increases abnormally, so energy must be increased every day to correct the body's energy consumption. Based on the above reasons, hyperthyroid patients must pay attention to a diet that is high in calories, protein, and vitamins, as well as supplements of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and magnesium, in order to correct the consumption caused by hypermetabolism and improve the overall condition.

Functions of thyroid hormone:

1. Promote growth and development

The most obvious effect of thyroid hormone in promoting growth and development is in the infant period, and the greatest impact is within the first four months after birth. It mainly promotes the growth and development of bones, brain and reproductive organs. Without thyroid hormone, the pituitary GH cannot function. Moreover, when thyroid hormone is deficient, the pituitary gland produces and secretes GH less. Therefore, congenital or childhood lack of thyroid hormone causes cretinism. Cretinism patients have stagnation of bone growth and short stature, and the length ratio of the upper and lower body is abnormal, with the upper body accounting for a larger proportion than normal people. Due to the growth disorders of nerve cell dendrites, axons, myelin sheaths and collage cells, the brain is not fully developed and the intelligence is low. Their sexual organs cannot mature either. Patients must supplement thyroid hormone about three months after birth. If it is delayed by this period, the treatment is often ineffective.

2. Impact on metabolism

Thermogenic effect Thyroid hormone can increase the oxygen consumption rate of most tissues and increase thermogenic effect. This thermogenic effect may be due to the fact that thyroid hormone can increase the synthesis of Na+-K+ pumps on cell membranes and increase their activity, which is an energy-consuming process. Thyroid hormone increases the basal metabolic rate. 1 mg of thyroid hormone can increase heat production by 4000KJ. The basal metabolic rate of patients with hyperthyroidism can increase by about 35%, while the basal metabolic rate of patients with hypothyroidism can decrease by about 15%.

Effects on the metabolism of the three major nutrients Its effects on the metabolism of the three major nutrients are very complex. In general, under normal circumstances, thyroid hormone mainly promotes protein synthesis, especially significantly increases the synthesis of bone, skeletal muscle, liver, etc., which is of great significance for growth and development in childhood. However, excessive secretion of thyroid hormone will cause a large amount of protein, especially skeletal muscle protein, to break down, resulting in weight loss and weakness. In terms of sugar metabolism, thyroid hormone promotes sugar absorption and liver glycogenolysis. At the same time, it can also promote the use of sugar by peripheral tissues. In short, it accelerates sugar and fat metabolism, especially promotes the decomposition and oxidation process of sugar, fat and protein in many tissues, thereby increasing the body's oxygen consumption and heat production.