Venous blockage, these three most common hazards

Clinically, venous obstruction usually occurs in the lower limbs, and it is very harmful after it occurs. So, what are the dangers of venous obstruction?

1. Thrombotic phlebitis:

There are two groups of veins in the lower limbs: deep and shallow. The deep veins run parallel to the arteries in the deep muscle layer; the shallow veins (greater crypt veins) run independently under the skin and merge into the femoral vein at the base of the thigh. The veins in the lower limbs are long, have many valves and branches, and are prone to injuries; or due to varicose veins, the blood flow is slow and stagnant; coupled with high blood viscosity, platelet aggregation and many other factors, promote the formation of thrombosis in the veins of the lower limbs, and thrombotic phlebitis is complicated. Manifestations: swelling, fatigue, heaviness of the affected limb, difficulty walking, etc. Due to the obstruction and stagnation of blood flow in the affected limb, the tissue ischemic and hypoxic. Over time, the distal skin of the lower limbs becomes malnourished, rough, flaky, and cracked, resembling rubber legs. Erysipelas infection and ulcer formation become common complications. Treatment: Within one week of the onset of severe acute thrombotic phlebitis, surgical thrombectomy can be considered to clear the blood vessels. Chronic thrombotic phlebitis is suitable for blood circulation and anticoagulation treatment.

2. Post-thrombotic syndrome of deep vein thrombosis:

The sequelae of deep vein thrombosis is also called post-thrombotic syndrome. It refers to the recanalization of deep vein thrombosis. Venous valve damage. Venous blood backflow, resulting in clinical manifestations such as distal venous hypertension and congestion. The affected limb has different degrees of swelling, heaviness and fatigue, aggravation after activity and worse in the morning and evening, shallow varicose veins in the lower limbs, cold skin pigmentation in the foot and boot area, eczematous dermatitis, slow ulcers, etc.

3. Pulmonary embolism:

Pulmonary embolism is a common complication of lower extremity venous thrombosis. The thrombi that block the pulmonary arteries mostly come from the lower extremity veins. The lower extremity veins and pulmonary arteries belong to the same blood circulation pathway. After the lower extremity venous thrombus breaks off, it reaches the lungs along the blood flow, blocks the pulmonary arteries, and causes pulmonary embolism. Warm reminder: Large emboli can stay in the aorta or bifurcation of the pulmonary arteries, causing large-area pulmonary embolism, which is acute and severe with a high mortality rate. Small emboli can reach the distal end of the pulmonary blood vessels, forming a small area of ​​pulmonary obstruction, which is mild and hidden. The manifestations of pulmonary embolism lack specificity. Symptoms such as chest tightness, chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing are similar to those of myocardial infarction and are easily missed or misdiagnosed.