Routine semen examination: Did you ejaculate correctly?

Semen routine is the abbreviation of semen routine examination, which is usually encountered in pre-pregnancy examination or infertility examination. So what preparations should be made before the examination? What are the measurement criteria for the examination? Let the editor take everyone to popularize it together!

1. Routine examination steps of semen

1. You must abstain from sex for 2-7 days before a semen test. Too much or too little time is not acceptable.

2. Semen must be collected by masturbation, and not by condom-interrupted intercourse and ejaculation. When collecting semen, you should concentrate and try to ejaculate the semen completely. If the ejaculation is not smooth enough (sexual excitement is not enough), the amount of semen collected will be less than the actual amount. If the amount of semen is not close to the actual level of the tester, it will seriously affect the accuracy of the test results.

3. Semen samples should be collected completely in the designated container and no semen should be left out, otherwise the accuracy of the test results will be affected.

4. The container used for semen collection must be highly clean and must not be contaminated.

2. Sperm Quality Reference Standards

1. Color: Normal color is off-white or slightly yellowish, while milky white or yellow-green indicates inflammation in the reproductive tract or accessory glands;

2. Semen volume: Normal ≥ 2 ml, more than 7 ml is too much, less than 1 ml is too little;

3. Liquefaction time: After normal semen is ejaculated, it becomes jelly-like under the action of seminal vesicle coagulase, and becomes liquid under the action of prostate liquefaction enzyme after 15 to 30 minutes. This is semen liquefaction. If semen still does not liquefy 30 minutes after ejaculation, it is abnormal;

4. Viscosity: When a glass rod is placed in contact with the liquefied semen and gently lifted, a semen thread will be formed. Normally, its length is less than 2 cm.

5. Sperm morphology: Sperm with normal morphology ≥50%, otherwise it may cause infertility;

6. Acidity and alkalinity: The normal pH value of semen is 72-78. A pH value less than 72 is seen in ejaculatory duct obstruction or urine contamination; a pH value greater than 78 is seen in seminal vesiculitis or old specimens;

7. Sperm count: Normal count is ≥20×106/ml. If it is lower than this value, it means there are too few sperm. If the sperm count is greater than 250×106/ml, it means there are too many sperm, because their motility is affected and it can also lead to infertility;

8. Motility: more than 50% belong to grades a and b, i.e., sperm that move rapidly forward in a straight line ≥ 50%;

9. Survival rate: usually refers to the examination within 1 hour after ejaculation, and it is normal if the live sperm ≥ 50%;

10. White blood cells: Normal white blood cells in semen are <1×106/ml. Leukocytosis indicates infection in the reproductive tract or accessory glands;

After reading the above introduction, I believe everyone has a certain understanding of the steps of routine semen examination and sperm quality reference. The specific diagnosis and treatment still need to be arranged by the doctor!