What causes hard testicles?

Hard testicles are likely to indicate testicular cancer, and hard testicles can be used as one of the bases for the initial diagnosis of testicular cancer. If a young man feels a lump in the scrotum or groin, and it is hard, he should be suspected of testicular cancer. Testicular cancer examination can reveal enlarged testicles, and in some patients, the testicles have even been completely replaced by tumors. After the disease, the testicles are smooth and lose elasticity, and the pain symptoms are not obvious.

Testicular tumors are often solid masses. Sometimes the size of the testicles on both sides of the patient is similar, but the affected side feels heavier than the healthy side. The transillumination test is negative, and there is no fluctuation. However, a small number of patients with advanced disease may have hematomas due to the impact of the tumor on the tunica vaginalis, resulting in effusion or tumor bleeding. In the past, some people advocated puncturing and aspirating the effusion in the tunica vaginalis before conducting a careful examination. This is no longer used, and surgical exploration is advocated to avoid damaging the tumor and causing implantation by piercing the layers of the tunica vaginalis, which affects the treatment effect.

In addition to the scrotum, other parts of the body should also be carefully examined, especially the abdomen for masses, liver enlargement, lower limb edema, and supraclavicular lymph node enlargement. As long as the examination is careful and careful, the diagnosis is usually not difficult. Patients with testicular tumors should also undergo the following auxiliary examinations: such as chest and bone X-rays, CT scans, radionuclide scanning, B-ultrasound, pyelography, laboratory biochemical immunoassays, and even lymph node angiography to observe or speculate the scope and extent of metastasis.

If testicular cancer reaches an advanced stage, the tumor cells grow very rapidly. At this time, chemotherapy can be considered. For example, the use of cisplatin-based combined chemotherapy to treat advanced testicular cancer is more effective. It can kill tumor cells, but it will harm normal cells. The treatment of patients with advanced testicular cancer should focus on improving immunity and quality of life.