What are the treatments for male infertility?

(1) Endocrine therapy:

The main applications are long-acting testosterone enanthate for the treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; bromocriptine for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia; clomiphene for the treatment of oligospermia; and the combination of HCG and HMG for the treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

(2) Treatment of genital tract inflammation:

Currently, it is advocated that antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs be used in combination for better treatment effects.

(3) Immunotherapy:

Better therapeutic effects can be achieved by using surgical resection to remove local damaged lesions in the reproductive tract and reduce the production of anti-sperm antibodies, while using immune preparations at the same time.

(4)Surgical treatment:

In recent years, the application of microsurgery to treat male reproductive system diseases is a major progress in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. The following procedures are now widely used in clinical practice: microsurgical anastomosis of the vas deferens and microsurgical anastomosis of the epitestis and vas deferens.

(5) Artificial insemination:

Various physical and biochemical techniques are used to treat semen, improve sperm fertility, and perform artificial insemination by husband (AIH). Semen refrigeration technology is used to provide artificial insemination by donor (AID) to patients with azoospermia, but there are still many complex issues in the actual application, such as the selection of sperm donors.

(6) Treatment of unexplained infertility:

In addition to male infertility, which has a clear cause and certain treatment methods, there are still many cases of oligospermia and asthenozoospermia with unknown causes and unclear diagnosis, collectively referred to as male infertility of unknown cause.