Prostate cyst causes

There are many causes of prostate cysts, but most people have it because their body's resistance is too low, so they can only know about it after a detailed physical examination. A small number of patients with congenital prostate cysts will make the treatment extremely complicated, and may also cause prostate duct stenosis, which can also cause infertility problems.

1. True prostatic cyst

The prostate gland is obstructed during embryonic development, causing the prostate ducts to narrow and become blocked. The contents gradually accumulate and form a retention prostate cyst.

2. Congenital cyst

The cyst is formed due to the abnormal development of the mesonephric duct and paramesonephric duct, and the partial expansion of the lumen. The cyst originating from the paramesonephric duct is often located in the middle of the back of the prostate, while the cyst originating from the mesonephric duct is located on both sides. This type of cyst does not actually originate from the prostate, and is often adhered to the posterior wall of the bladder. It can often grow to a large size, compressing the bladder neck and causing dysuria, and compressing the rectum and causing anal distension and difficulty in defecation. Congenital prostatic cysts are often accompanied by congenital diseases such as hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and renal dysplasia.

3. Acquired cysts

It is caused by the tough prostatic stroma, which leads to incomplete or intermittent obstruction of the alveoli, gradually thickening the alveolar epithelium and eventually causing retention cysts. They can be located anywhere in the prostate or protrude to the bladder neck, with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm.

4. Inflammatory cyst

Chronic prostatitis causes connective tissue hyperplasia, leading to stenosis of the prostate ducts and retention of secretions to form cysts.

5. Parasitic cysts

Caused by parasites, such as hydatid cysts, which can cause chronic inflammation of the prostate duct and surrounding areas; or by granulation hyperplasia, which gradually forms cysts.

Among the above types of cysts, retention prostatic cysts are the most common and can occur in any part of the gland.

Prostatic cysts are composed of normal alveoli or multilocular acini lined with columnar epithelium or low cuboidal epithelium. The cysts are filled with serous or serous-bloody fluid.

Prostatic cysts may be complicated by infection and stones. When a larger cyst grows and presses against the urethra or bladder neck, it may obstruct urine flow. Common symptoms include urgency, frequency, difficulty urinating, thin urine stream, and urine retention. When it presses against the rectum, it may cause difficulty in defecation. When the cyst is larger, rectal digital examination may touch the cyst in the prostate area. Urethral angiography may show an arc-shaped pressure mark in the posterior urethra. Ultrasound and CT can clearly determine its location.