What are the causes of male infertility?

Infertility is a very common thing in normal times, especially among young people nowadays who usually do not pay attention to their physical condition, often stay up late to play games or drink alcohol for social events, have bad living habits and eating habits, etc. These are all very likely to lead to abnormalities in physical health. Most men who suffer from infertility find it very embarrassing. What is the cause of male infertility?

What causes male infertility?

1. Male sexual dysfunction. Impotence, premature ejaculation, anejaculation and retrograde ejaculation can all cause male infertility.

2. Reproductive tract infections are more common. In recent years, with the increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, the incidence and severity of reproductive tract inflammation such as prostatitis, epididymitis, orchitis, and urethritis have increased, seriously affecting male fertility.

3. Abnormal sperm structure and seminal plasma. Affects sperm motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction.

4. Abnormal testicular spermatogenesis. Commonly seen in cryptorchidism, varicocele, toxins, magnetic fields, high fever, trauma and other physical and chemical factors can cause testicular spermatogenesis disorders.

5. Chromosomal abnormalities. Common ones include male pseudohermaphroditism, Klinefelter syndrome and XYY syndrome.

6. Immune infertility. Anti-sperm immunity produced by men themselves and anti-sperm alloimmunity produced by women can both cause male infertility.

7. Obstruction of the vas deferens. Affects the transport of sperm.

8. Endocrine diseases. The cause is gonadotropin deficiency. Common ones include selective hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, selective LH deficiency and FSH deficiency, adrenal hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia, etc.

How to prevent male infertility?

1. Exercise regularly and avoid strenuous exercise, because it will disrupt the secretion of hormones in men and women, disrupt ovulation patterns, and limit semen secretion.

2. You can quit smoking and drinking. Excessive drinking and smoking in men can cause testicular dysfunction and affect sperm production.

3. Keep the scrotum cool as much as possible. The temperature inside the scrotum should be about 1 degree lower than the body temperature. If the temperature of the testicles rises, it will affect its spermatogenesis function.

4. Healthy diet. Partiality or vegetarianism may affect the production and combination of sperm and egg. Therefore, the main and side dishes should be properly adjusted as much as possible to make them more diverse.

17 Recurrent stye

What are the causes of recurring stye?

Stye is a very common eye disease. Although it will not cause much harm to human health, it will affect daily life. Stye is more likely to recur. Some severe stye may even leave scars. We can prevent stye in our daily life, but if you suffer from stye, you need to pay attention to eye hygiene and get more rest.

Causes of recurrent stye

1. Not paying attention to eye hygiene and rubbing eyes with dirty hands frequently will cause repeated staphylococcal infection of the eyes. Once stye occurs, avoid rubbing eyes with hands, apply eye drops several times a day to promote swelling reduction, and use hot compresses for care. Towels should be disinfected regularly, one towel per person, and changed every three months. Contact lenses should not be worn every day, and time should be left for the eyes to relax.

2. Excessive use of eyes, refractive errors and long-term eye fatigue can easily lead to frequent recurrence of stye. People with trachoma and chronic conjunctivitis are also more likely to suffer from the disease. You should do more eye exercises, let your eyes rest at any time, and do not stay up late, play games or work for a long time. Pay attention to protecting the psychological window.

3. Avoid eating too much irritating food. Chinese medicine believes that stye is caused by heat in the spleen and stomach plus external wind-heat. Even in winter, you should eat hot pot in moderation. You should also quit smoking and drinking in normal times to avoid stye.

4. Wearing contact lenses for a long time can cause recurring stye. Contact lenses cover the cornea and are easy to carry bacteria. They are not suitable for long-term wear. If you wear them for more than 10 hours a day and do not pay attention to the cleaning of the lenses, your eyes will be very susceptible to bacterial invasion, causing the recurrence of stye. Moreover, long-term wearing of contact lenses can also cause damage to the cornea. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the wearing time of contact lenses to 9 hours a day.

5. Eye inflammation can cause recurring stye. If you have eye diseases such as trachoma and chronic conjunctivitis, stye can also recur. This is because if you do not treat the eye disease in time, your immunity will be reduced and you will not be able to resist the infection of pathogenic bacteria. The inflammatory bacteria will go up along the opening to the palpebral glands, causing a certain infection in the eye tissues, resulting in stye.

6. Prevent diabetes and decreased immunity. People with insufficient immunity or diabetes often suffer from recurrent stye. Therefore, if stye recurs, a full body check-up should be done to rule out the above causes.

Stye relapse can be treated well in the early stage

In the early stage of stye or before abscess is formed, you can apply local wet hot compress 3 times a day for 20 minutes each time. Hot compress can accelerate blood circulation in the eyes and relieve swelling and pain. Apply 0.25% chlortetracycline ointment or other antibiotic ointment to the membrane capsule 2 to 3 times a day. For those with systemic symptoms, you can take antibiotics or sulfa drugs, or intramuscular injection of penicillin.

When the external granuloma is obviously softened but not ruptured, anesthesia is not required and the pus can be drained by incision parallel to the palpebral edge. When there is an obvious abscess on the membrane surface of the internal granuloma, 0.5% cacane can be dripped three times. After surface anesthesia, the tip of the knife can be used to make an incision perpendicular to the palpebral edge to drain the pus.

During the treatment period, pay attention to rest, do not eat irritating foods, drink water frequently and keep bowel movements smooth. If stye does not subside for a long time and leaves a lump, you can go to the hospital after the acute inflammation subsides, make an incision on the palpebral synostosis surface to scrape out the contents, and cut off the stoma and granuloma.