Male urine routine occult blood 2 plus

Urinalysis is a common examination after the patient dies. Especially for men with male diseases and urinary system diseases, they need to do urinalysis because urinalysis can see whether there is protein and occult blood in the urine. Because protein and occult blood are closely related to our kidneys, what does the double plus sign of occult blood in men's urine mean?

Hematuria refers to an abnormal increase in the excretion of red blood cells in the urine, which is a signal that the urinary system may have a serious disease. In centrifugal sediment urine, there are ≥3 red blood cells per high-power microscopic field of view, or more than 1 in non-centrifuged urine, or the red blood cell count in 1-hour urine exceeds 100,000, or the 12-hour urine sediment count exceeds 500,000, all of which show an abnormal increase in red blood cells in the urine, which is called hematuria. In mild cases, only red blood cells are found under the microscope, which is called submicroscopic hematuria; in severe cases, the appearance is meat-washing water or contains blood clots, which is called gross hematuria. Usually, when there is 1mL of blood in each liter of urine, it is visible to the naked eye, and the urine is red or meat-washing water-like.

[Causes of hematuria]

More than 95% of hematuria is caused by diseases of the urinary system itself, among which glomerular diseases (acute nephritis, rapidly progressive nephritis, membranoproliferative nephritis, mesangial proliferative nephritis, focal glomerulosclerosis, etc.), renal cysts, stones (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethral stones), prostatic hyperplasia, urinary tract infections (tuberculosis, pyelonephritis, cystourethritis, prostatitis) and tumors (kidney, ureter, bladder, prostate tumors) are the most common. Other diseases such as abnormal coagulation (idiopathic or drug-induced thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, scurvy, etc.), systemic diseases (plastic anemia, leukemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, etc.) can also cause hematuria.

Blood in the urine is hematuria, also known as hematuria.

Normally, there are no red blood cells in urine. In medicine, after the patient's urine is centrifuged and precipitated, it is examined under a microscope. If there are more than 5 red blood cells in each high-power field of view, it is called hematuria. If red blood cells are only detected under a microscope, but the blood in the urine cannot be seen with the eyes, it is called microscopic hematuria; if the eyes can see that the urine is "meat washing water-like" or bloody, or even has blood streaks or blood clots in the urine, it is called macroscopic hematuria. Therefore, hematuria is not always detectable by the eyes. If the eyes can see blood in the urine, at least 1 ml of blood is mixed in about 1000 ml of urine, which means that the hematuria is more serious and the cause should be found out as soon as possible and actively treated.

1. Causes of hematuria

Hematuria is often caused by diseases of the urinary organs. Human urine is produced in the kidneys and discharged from the body through the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra. If these organs are diseased or bleeding occurs, hematuria can be caused.

Common diseases that cause hematuria include various nephritis, urinary tract infection, hemorrhagic cystitis, urinary tract stones, renal tuberculosis, renal tumor, kidney and urethral injury, etc. Hematuria is one of the main symptoms of these diseases.

(II) Differential diagnosis of hematuria

If the urine is hematuria at the beginning of urination but normal in the latter part of the urine, it is usually caused by urinary tract diseases. If the urine is normal at the beginning but hematuria appears at the end of urination, it is usually caused by cystitis and prostate diseases. If the urine is dark red, it is usually caused by kidney diseases. Hematuria rarely causes shock.

Hematuria is common in the following diseases:

1. Acute glomerulonephritis with hematuria, oliguria, proteinuria, edema, hypertension, and tonsillitis one week before onset.

2. Pelonephritis, hematuria with dysuria, urgency, frequency, low back pain, and fever.

3. Urinary stones are characterized by hematuria accompanied by renal angina, or symptoms such as interrupted urination, dysuria, and urinary pain.

4 More than 90% of patients with renal tuberculosis have hematuria, characterized by urinary urgency, urination frequency, and urinary pain that gradually worsens.