What is the glans mucosa?

The glans mucosa is located at the glans, and is also an important part for men, because the glans mucosa can protect the glans from bacterial or toxin infection. Of course, the glans mucosa can also be damaged for various reasons. If there are certain problems with the glans mucosa, such as damage or shedding, it is likely to lead to the following diseases.

1. Acute superficial galactitis

It is an acute inflammation of the glans penis, often caused by local irritation from trauma, friction, soap, detergent, etc. The main manifestations are local edematous erythema, erosive exudate, and in severe cases, blisters and large blisters may appear. After secondary bacterial infection, an ulcer surface is formed, with purulent secretions. The above symptoms can be aggravated by local friction, poor foreskin rotation, and accumulation of secretions, which irritate the wound surface and aggravate the inflammation. Spontaneous pain and tenderness. Those with significant local inflammation may be accompanied by mild systemic symptoms.

2. Annular erosive glans

There are two types of clinical manifestations. One is the early manifestation of Reiter's disease; the other is persistent, recurrent glansitis with annular or polycyclic lesions. Initially, it is erythema on the glans and foreskin, which gradually expands and becomes annular or polycyclic, and then forms a superficial ulcer. For those with poor foreskin rotation, secretions accumulate locally, which often leads to secondary infection and aggravates the symptoms, and the annular characteristics are lost, making it difficult to distinguish from superficial ulcers.

3. Candidal balanitis

Candidal glansitis can be primary or secondary. The latter often occurs in patients with diabetes, elderly wasting diseases, and after antibiotic and hormone treatment. The clinical manifestations are erythema with a smooth surface, mild desquamation at the edges, and satellite-shaped papules and small pustules that slowly expand in all directions and generally have clear boundaries. The groin may also be affected. During acute attacks, the glans mucosa is edematous erythematous with unclear boundaries, and may have erosions and exudates. Candida can be found in microscopic examination and culture of the lesion site. Recurrent episodes of candidal glansitis can cause foreskin dryness, fibrosis, and sclerosis.

4. Cytoplasmic balanitis

It is a chronic inflammation of the inner foreskin and glans penis, accompanied by plasma cell infiltration. There is only one to several clearly defined inflammatory erythema, the surface is moist and shiny, and sometimes accompanied by erosion and punctate hemorrhage. The appearance is like a not completely dried anti-carb coating, with small papillary-like spots on the surface. Pathological sections show epidermal atrophy, disappearance of the stratum corneum and granular layer, a large number of plasma cell infiltration in the dermal papilla, dilation of capillaries, and hemosiderin deposition.

5. Mica and keratotic pseudoepitheliomatous glansitis

It is common in the elderly, most of whom have a history of circumcision. It manifests as wart-like growths covered with silvery white mica-like scales on the glans penis, which resemble psoriasis-like lesions and may form cracks and ulcers. The affected area gradually loses elasticity and becomes atrophic over time. Histopathology shows hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, incomplete keratinization, pseudoepithelioma-like proliferation, hypertrophy of the spinous layer, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration in the upper dermis.