Patients with hypertension, beware of these complications of hypertension!

The harm of high blood pressure is very great. I am afraid that many people do not know that the biggest harm of high blood pressure is not the increase in blood pressure, but the decrease in body immunity. Therefore, in daily life, to prevent high blood pressure, you must keep your body and mind happy. So, in clinical practice, what are the complications of high blood pressure?

Categories

1. Heart complications such as left ventricular hypertrophy, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and heart failure

2. Stroke such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, hypertensive encephalopathy

3. Arteries such as arteriosclerosis and aortic dissection

4. Hypertensive renal damage such as slowly progressive arterial nephrosclerosis, malignant arterial nephrosclerosis, and chronic renal failure

5. Fundus such as retinal artery sclerosis and fundus changes

Slowly progressive small-artery nephrosclerosis refers to benign hypertension lasting 5-10 years, which begins with lesions in the small renal arteries, followed by renal parenchymal damage; malignant small-artery nephrosclerosis refers to renal damage caused by malignant hypertension, including lesions in the small renal arteries and renal parenchymal damage.

Symptomatic care for complications of hypertension

1. Severe headache accompanied by nausea and vomiting is a symptom of sudden increase in blood pressure or hypertensive encephalopathy. The patient should be allowed to rest in bed immediately, and changes in blood pressure, pulse, heart rate, and heart rhythm should be observed. Contact a doctor as soon as possible and take sedative and antihypertensive measures quickly.

2. Dyspnea and cyanosis are often manifestations of left heart failure caused by hypertensive heart disease. Immediately place the patient in a semi-recumbent position and inhale oxygen. The humidifier bottle for oxygen inhalation should be replaced with 20% to 30% ethanol, and cardiotonic drugs should be used according to the doctor's instructions.

3. If there is palpitation, the pulse, heart rate and rhythm changes should be carefully observed and recorded. Comfort the patient, let him/her rest in bed, eliminate tension, and the palpitations will generally be relieved quickly.

4. Edema may occur in late-stage primary hypertension accompanied by heart and kidney failure. During nursing, attention should be paid to strictly record the amount of water intake and output so as to measure the amount for the person. Limit sodium salt in the diet (no more than 3 grams of salt per day), rest in bed, raise the affected limb, and pay attention to protecting the skin to prevent the occurrence of bedsores.

5. Late-stage hypertension can easily cause cerebrovascular accidents, coma and paralysis. For such patients, attention should be paid to safety care to prevent falling out of bed, suffocation, limb burns, etc. If the condition is serious, the patient should be transferred to the hospital for treatment.