Treatment methods for hyperthyroidism exophthalmos, treatment methods for hyperthyroidism exophthalmos

Exophthalmos is a common disease in young people, usually manifested by symptoms such as yellow complexion, swelling, decreased immunity, and bulging eyes. Exophthalmos is not only harmful to the appearance of the human body, but also affects the physiological health of the human body, such as dizziness and blurred vision. So what are the methods to treat exophthalmos?

1: Actively adjust thyroid hormone levels to maintain them within the normal range and avoid sudden reduction or increase in medication dosage.

2: Avoid spicy food, quit smoking, prevent eye fatigue, wear sunglasses when exposed to strong light, and avoid emotional excitement. Sleep with the head elevated, and those with cleft palate should apply eye ointment or wet room protection.

1: Patients who are insensitive to drug treatment, whose vision has dropped sharply, or whose systemic condition cannot tolerate drug treatment can try local radiotherapy. The total dose of the linear accelerator is 20Gy, and the daily irradiation dose is 2Gy. Complications include radiation cataract, retinal lesions, and carcinogenic risks. In a small number of patients, radiotherapy may aggravate the condition.

1: Glucocorticoids: Patients with acute progressive disease or activity score CAS ≥ 4 may be treated with glucocorticoid shock therapy, which may include intravenous administration of methylprednisolone or oral administration of large doses of prednisolone. During treatment, the complications of hormone use should be closely observed: secondary hypertension, diabetes, stress ulcers, electrolyte disorders, liver and kidney damage, osteoporosis, pathological fractures, mental disorders, hot and dry insomnia, polyphagia and irritability, etc. Patients with contraindications to systemic glucocorticoids may be given local intraorbital injection of triamcinolone acetonide.

2: Immunosuppressant therapy: Patients who are suitable for glucocorticoid therapy can also try immunosuppressants, including methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine, which can also be used in combination with glucocorticoids. Complications include bone marrow suppression, liver and kidney damage, gastrointestinal dysfunction, infection, etc.

3: Topical application of adrenergic blockers: In the early stages of the disease, alpha adrenergic tension increases, causing the upper and lower eyelid Müller muscles to become excited and the eyelids to retract. Adrenergic blockers such as guanethidine sulfate eye drops can produce a chemical sympathectomy effect, relieving eyelid retraction.

4: Topical application of botulinum toxin A: Botulinum toxin A is an acetylcholine receptor blocker that can compete with acetylcholine for the choline receptors that control the movement of the extraocular muscles, paralyzing the extraocular muscles. It can be used for upper eyelid retraction caused by levator palpebral muscle spasm and strabismus caused by other extraocular muscle spasms, but the therapeutic effect can only last for a few weeks to about half a year, and repeated injections are required.

Patients should avoid strong tea, coffee, tobacco, alcohol, iodine-containing foods and medicines. The patient's diet should be light and easy to digest, with more fruits and vegetables, a reasonable diet, and adequate nutrition. In addition, patients should also avoid spicy, greasy, raw and cold foods.