How to read sperm test report

As we all know, the quality of sperm is closely related to the physical condition of the fetus. During the pregnancy preparation period, we should pay attention to diet and lifestyle. Routine semen examination can show the quality of sperm. So, how to read the report of routine semen examination? Let's find out.

How to read the semen routine examination report

1. Taste and color

The smell of normal semen is a distinct stimulating smell, which is caused by the oxidation of spermine in the air. Spermine is metabolized by the male prostate. The lack of this smell indicates prostate function damage. For example, the semen of patients with prostatitis often lacks this smell.

The specimens are observed on a white background. Normal specimens are transparent and grayish white. Specimens collected after long-term abstinence may appear light yellow. If there are a large number of white blood cells due to reproductive system infection, they may appear white or light yellow. Reproductive system bleeding may cause bright red ejaculation bleeding. Some antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections can also discolor semen.

2. Quantity

The sperm density of a normal adult male ejaculation is 2 to 6 ml, with an average of 2.4 ml.

If no sperm is found in the semen or the sperm density is less than 1ml and the sperm count is very high, or the low sperm count patient with a sperm density of more than 6ml can cause infertility. The frequency of male ejaculation is closely related to the amount of ejaculation. If the subject has not ejaculated for a week and the sperm density is still less than 2ml, it can be considered abnormal. Low semen can also be caused by negligence during specimen collection. If the first part of the semen is negligible, the sperm count in the semen may be very small. If the second part of the semen is negligible, the metabolic components of the seminal vesicle will decrease, which is mainly manifested as less semen, poor coagulation, and low glucose. If there is no negligence in the semen, but the sperm test mainly shows small amount, no coagulation, glucose (-), no sperm in the semen, and the ejaculatory duct is incompletely developed during routine physical examination, it should be suspected whether there is congenital maldevelopment of the seminal vesicle or obstruction of the vas deferens. If the sperm count is low for a long time, but there are sperm or sperm precursor cells, it is a reminder of the low sex hormone function caused by hypopituitarism, and estrogen measurement should be performed. In addition, the low sex hormone function caused by parasitic inflammation can also cause a decrease in sperm count. In this case, the number of white blood cells and bacteria in the semen are increased.

3. pH

Normal sperm is alkaline, with a pH of 7.0-7.8 and an average of 7.4.

When it is acidic, the activity and metabolism of sperm decreases linearly, and when the deash reaches pH8.4, the activity of sperm generally increases. In summer, semen is prone to acidification if it is left idle for too long, so it should be tested immediately after it is discharged. The pH of male prostate secretion is 6.75±0.44, and it becomes more alkaline with age. The pH of semen increases in prostatitis. The secretion of seminal vesicles is alkaline, and the pH of semen is mainly the result of the mixture of semen and seminal vesicle fluid, with a ratio of 2:1. Therefore, it is generally slightly alkaline.

4. Vaporization time

Normal sperm liquefaction time is less than 60 minutes.

The high viscosity of human semen and the failure of sperm liquefaction reduce sperm motility and affect pregnancy. After being discharged, semen coagulates and becomes jelly-like immediately. The coagulation of semen is caused by the coagulation factors of seminal vesicle metabolism. After 15-20 minutes, the semen is affected by the free fatty acid lysin, chymotrypsin, seminal fluorophenylase, hydroxyl peptidase, arginine hydrolase, protease, hyaluronidase and other functions of male prostate metabolism to promote sperm liquefaction. Semen with high viscosity or failure to liquefy is often related to prostate disease (such as prostatitis). Other diseases and factors that affect prostate function, such as taking male emergency contraceptive cotton phenol, systemic endocrine changes, and some metal ions (such as Hg, Zn, Cu, etc.) and compounds (such as sugar, etc.) in semen can affect the liquefaction process of semen. In addition, the laboratory temperature and the time after ejaculation can also affect the vaporization process of semen.

5. Relative density

The number of sperm in normal sperm is ≥20 106/ml.

Although sperm count is not an absolute indicator of male fertility, clinical experiments have shown that the pregnancy rate of men with a relative sperm density of less than 20/106/ml in several nights of sperm testing is significantly reduced, which can clearly indicate low fertility. In addition to refractory oligospermia, the common causes of oligospermia include varicose veins, immune factors, chromosomal abnormalities, cryptorchidism, reproductive system infections, endocrine diseases, physical and chemical factors and drugs, health conditions and organic diseases.

6. Charm

For men, forward fitness exercise within 60 minutes of ejaculation (grade a and grade b) ≥ 50%.

Sperm motility is a key function of normal sperm. This function ensures the meeting of sperm and egg in the reproductive process and participates in the reflex penetration of sperm into the egg cell. Factors affecting sperm motility include reproductive system infection, immune factors, varicose veins, endocrine factors, abnormal semen, environmental factors, organic diseases, iatrogenic, and congenital diseases, such as cryptorchidism and microvilli agitation syndrome.

7. Forward fitness exercises increase sperm count in men

Equivalent to the relative density of periodontal periodontal (grade a and grade b), under normal circumstances> 20 periodontal 106. If it is less than this value, it usually indicates reduced fertility.

8. Deformity rate

The average normal sperm count is 85% (range 63-98%), and the abnormal sperm count is generally no more than 20%. When sperm deformity exceeds 40%, fertility is affected. If the immature sperm and pointed sperm count in the semen exceeds 20%, it indicates that there is a problem with the spermatogenic epithelial cells, which is more common in varicose veins. If the number of sperm with curled tails increases significantly, chlamydia infection should be considered.

What are the indicators of sperm testing at night?

1. Amount: A decrease may indicate incomplete testicular function, orchitis, seminal vesiculitis, post-prostatectomy, the elderly, frequent sexual life, etc.

2. Color: Reddish brown: It is caused by a large number of blood cells in the semen. It is common in seminal vesiculitis, inflammation of the reproductive system, tumors and other causes of bleeding.

3. pH: When the pH value of semen is too high or too low, sperm motility is significantly reduced. A decrease in pH is often seen in conditions such as excessive semen metabolism or decreased metabolism of seminal vesicle fluid.

4. Viscosity: Vaporization obstruction is common in male prostate metabolism where the trypsin dissolving semen is abnormal, such as trypsin deficiency after prostatectomy.

5. Male sperm count: A decrease in male sperm count is common in male infertility caused by various reasons, including decreased spermatogenesis, ejaculation obstruction, and decreased sperm survival rate.

6. Sperm morphology: Sperm deformity ratio exceeding 20% ​​is likely to cause male infertility. Common sperm deformities can be divided into the following types: high ratio, top, pointed mouth, pear-shaped head, multiple heads, irregular head, missing tail, etc.

7. Percentage of active sperm and sperm velocity: abnormalities may cause infertility.

8. Glucose: Glucose is mainly produced by the seminal vesicles, and is the key source of oxidative phosphorylation of male sperm, which is related to the fitness of male sperm. Seminal vesiculitis, insufficient male hormones and the glucose content of the sperm of the elderly are reduced.

9. White blood cell count: An increase indicates inflammation of the reproductive system, tuberculosis, stones, or malignant tumors and infections.

10. Blood cells: An increase in blood cells indicates seminal vesiculitis, reproductive system tuberculosis, prostate cancer, etc.