How to treat male azoospermia

Male azoospermia, also known as azoospermia, is a relatively common reproductive system disease. There are many causes of azoospermia, including congenital causes, such as cryptorchidism, and some bad living habits. For example, prostatitis caused by bad habits can lead to a large number of sperm deaths, resulting in symptoms of oligospermia and asthenospermia in men.

How to treat male azoospermia

1. Treatment of true azoospermia caused by impaired sperm production The treatment effect of this type of disease is relatively poor, especially for azoospermia and severe testicular pathological changes. (1) Patients with bilateral cryptic testes can still retain their fertility if they undergo surgery early, but if they are over 5 years old and still have not undergone surgery, the prognosis is poor. (2) For patients with low spermatogenesis, if the FSH value is within the normal range, drugs such as clomiphene and moxifen can be used for treatment. 2. Treatment of obstructive azoospermia For patients with obstruction caused by inflammation of the vas deferens and edema, antibiotics and glucocorticoids can be used for treatment; for those caused by cyst pressure (such as cysts in the ejaculatory duct area), transurethral vasotomy can be performed. For patients with combined hematospermia and suspected seminal vesicle stones or tumors, seminal vesicoscopy can be performed. For those with obstruction that cannot be resolved due to congenital malformations or severe dysplasia, artificial insemination (AID) with sperm from a sperm donor can be considered.

Causes

Azoospermia can be divided into two categories: ① The first category is testicular spermatogenesis disorder, sperm cannot be produced, also known as true azoospermia. ② The second category is normal testicular spermatogenesis, but the vas deferens is blocked and sperm cannot be discharged from the body, also known as obstructive azoospermia. 1. Spermatogenesis disorder (1) Genetic diseases: autosomal or sex chromosome abnormalities affect testicular spermatogenesis, such as Klinefelter syndrome. (2) Congenital testicular abnormalities: testicular development abnormalities or testicular position abnormalities can cause spermatogenesis disorders. (3) Testicular lesions: such as testicular trauma, inflammation, torsion, and testicular vascular lesions. (4) Endocrine diseases: hyperpituitarism or hypopituitarism, pituitary tumors, adrenal hyperfunction or hypofunction, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism can all affect sperm production and cause azoospermia. (5) Severe systemic diseases and malnutrition: can cause azoospermia. (6) Radiation damage and drugs: especially cytotoxic drugs, which damage testicular spermatogenic cells and can cause azoospermia in severe cases.